生物炭对土壤微生物群的作用机制分析(3)

　　4 研究展望
　　
　　生物炭是一类新型的环境功能材料，它的应用不仅为城市垃圾、工业废料及农林废弃物质等的资源化利用提供了新思路，而且在作物栽培、土壤改良、污染控制和温室气体减排等方面表现出巨大潜力，对生态系统服务来说是一种潜在的多赢策略。目前，国内外对生物炭的研究还处于起步阶段。因此，其研究方法需要进一步完善，研究内容需要进一步扩展。
　　
　　（1） 由于生物炭的特性因原材料和生产条件的不同而差异显着，且生物炭对土壤理化性质和微生物的影响也因使用方法、土壤性质及微生物种类等因素的不同而存在较大差异，而现有研究对这部分的关注较少。因此，未来研究生物炭对特定微生物的影响时，必须说明不同生物炭的理化性质、生产条件、原料类型、使用方法及试验条件等，以便各研究间相互比较并进行系统分析和评价，从而准确地说明生物炭与土壤微生物的相互关系。
　　
　　（2） 在农业生态系统中，分解者对土壤有机质中养分的释放非常重要。由于地下部复杂的食物网关系，如果微生物群落发生变化，那么与微生物区系相关的过程均会产生影响（ 如碳循环、养分有效性、作物产量及动物区系等）。因此，生物炭与土壤生物区系的相互作用需要更深入的研究。
　　
　　（3） 生物炭自身含有一些污染物，如多环芳烃、重金属等，这些污染物在生物炭中的含量与制备生物炭所用的原料、热解温度和时间以及热解方式有关。因此，有关生物炭应用的研究应该重视这些方面，确保其在农业中的应用不会给生态环境带来不利影响。另外，生物炭对重金属及有机污染物的吸附也因生物炭、重金属、有机污染物的种类及自然环境的不同而差异显着，并且其吸附机理还不够明确。因此，这些方面也应成为未来研究的一个重点领域。
　　
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