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神经肽与慢阻肺和哮喘气道炎症关系研究综述(2)

时间:2017-03-15 来源:临床肺科杂志 作者:黄洁,冯恩志,杨生岳 本文字数:5637字
  PNECs是人类和动物气道上皮内的一种噬银性细胞,细胞内含有多种活性胺和肽类。PNECs由单个肺神经内分泌细胞 (neuroepithelial endocrine-cell,NEC) 和神经上皮小体 (neuroepithelial bodies,NEB) 组成。这两种细胞均具有分泌相同的活性胺和神经肽类物质功能。然而PNECs在肺内的真正作用机制尚不完全了解。目前公认其主要的功能有以下几点:①具有呼吸化学感受器样功能,感受低氧的刺激后,经传入神经冲动并与颈动脉体化学感受器的协同作用,从而发挥调节呼吸运动和其它肺功能;②促进肺的发育和气道上皮细胞的分化;③通过神经纤维末梢及分泌的肽类物质调节邻近气道平滑肌的反应[23].各种肺损伤和慢性气道炎症均伴有PNECs增生甚至肥大[24].Joad JP等[25]在动物实验中研究发现,致敏的豚鼠气道壁上不仅PNECs的数目明显增多,而且气道周围PNECs的数量多少与气道高反应性密切相关,提示PNECs在气道高反应性的发生发展过程中起着重要作用。哮喘大鼠PNECs分布和密度异常,其异常可能是造成神经肽含量变化的直接原因。由于神经内分泌的调节失去平衡,从而促进了哮喘气道炎症的持续发展。
  
  总结与展望
  
  肺的感觉神经系统和神经内分泌细胞在气道炎症的发病机制中具有很重要的作用,它们可能是通过神经肽及其受体形成互相联系的桥梁及传递通道,进而形成神经-内分泌网络,发挥调节气道炎症和气道高反应性。但它们如何调节呼吸及肺的自身稳定、各种神经肽类物质之间有无相互联系、相互作用及相互影响、神经肽与其受体又如何联系、它们是通过何种机制来共同参与气道炎症和气道高反应性等,这些都不清楚,也是未来研究的方向。近年来,虽然在神经肽受体拮抗剂研究方面取得了一些进展,但其有效性、安全性及其作用的持久性等均存在许多问题。相信随着分子生物学技术的不断发展,神经肽与气道炎症发生机制的研究越来越深入,神经肽受体拮抗剂及其它抗气道炎症的新药也会取得突破性进展。
  
  参考文献
  
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论文来源参考:黄洁,冯恩志,杨生岳. 神经肽类物质与哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病气道炎症的研究进展[J]. 临床肺科杂志,2017,01:162-164.
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