本篇论文目录导航：
【题目】国内夫妻共同债务问题探究
【导言】夫妻共同债务制度的优化研究导言
【1.1】夫妻共同债务的比较分析
【1.2 1.3】夫妻共同债务的特征再认识
【第二章】我国夫妻共同债务的认定与判断
【第三章】我国夫妻共同债务的制度缺陷与完善
【结语/参考文献】我国夫妻共同债务法律探究结语与参考文献
摘要
在经济高速发展的当今社会，在人民物质水平的不断提高，财富日益增长的同时，经济交往不再是简单的个人与个人之间的关系了。婚姻家庭作为社会中最基础的组成部分，成为社会经济活动的新兴单位。法律对于夫妻之间的权利义务的规定有别于普通的个体，对于夫妻中的一方做出其配偶身份之外的独立行为，法律是不能禁止的。在这样的情况下，夫妻之间的财产关系变得复杂多样，然而夫妻债务问题作为夫妻财产关系中的一个重要组成部分，也随着复杂的社会关系日益受到人们的关注。
文章通过夫妻共同债务的界定、夫妻共同债务的认定与判断、夫妻共同债务的制度缺陷及完善这三大部分，从夫妻共同债务的基础理论着手，对夫妻共同债务的性质和特征、夫妻共同债务的认定标准、当今司法审判实践中的困境等问题作了阐述。首先，对于夫妻共同债务的性质，本文认为其情形等同于“合伙债务”,将夫妻共同债务对外视为一个整体，而发生的原因为唯一性，不存在多个独立的债务，正是由于其“合伙债务”的性质，故其没有突破债权相对性的原则，这是本文与其他众多学者的不同见解。其次，本文结合“时间论”、“目的论”、“共同生活目的论”等观点，对夫妻共同债务的认定标准给出自己的判断，认为“夫妻共同债务”是指以婚姻关系为基础，夫妻一方或双方为了家庭利益，因维持家庭共同生活、因共同生活目的从事的民商事活动、因履行赡养等法定义务、因法律规定或基于双方合意产生的，并且双方均享受了所负债务所带来利益的合法债务。再次，对于夫妻一方以个人名义所负的债务，由于司法界对适用法律的不统一性导致了现今司法审判实践中对夫妻共同债务的判断存在难点。本文结合相关着作的阅读及自己的见解，认为“债务在不能证明用于夫妻共同生活的情况下”,更倾向于以“一方个人债务”来认定。在对夫妻共同债务做了界定、判断与认定后，进一步指出我国现阶段关于夫妻共同债务的立法上存在着立法上与司法上的缺陷，并通过对缺陷的认识，提出了相应的完善建议。
全文在坚持法理原则的情形下，对现有立法和司法制度出现的困境进行梳理，积极探索其中原因，提出我国夫妻共同债务制度的完善建议，力求在夫妻利益、第三人的利益和社会交易的安全稳定中寻求一个平衡点。
[关键词] 夫妻共同债务；夫妻个人债务；夫妻共同债务的界定
Abstract
With the high-speed economic development in today's society, people's materiallevel enhances unceasingly and at the same time the wealth grows up daily, economicinteraction is no longer a simple relationship between the individual and personal. Thecouple's family as the most basic part of society, become the emerging unit of socialactivities. The provisions of the laws about the rights and obligations betweenhusband and wife is different from the ordinary individuals in general, law does notprohibit couples either party to make independent of spouses status of individualbehavior. In this case, husband and wife's property relationships is complicated.
Couple's debt problem, however, as an important part in the marital property relations,also with the complex social relations is becoming more and more be attentioned.
The article expounds through three sections, with the joint debt of the definition,the identified and judgment of the couple's common debt, the defect and theimprovement of the joint debt. Start from the basic theory of the joint debt, the articleexpounds with the quality and the characteristic of the couple's joint debt, judgingstandards of the couple's common debt, today's difficulties in judicial practice. Firstly,the article expounds through the quality of the joint debt, the article considers thesituation is equivalent to “partnership debt”, so the couple of common debt is regardedas a whole, its causes occurred by one, and there is no separate debt. It is because ofthe nature of the “partnership debts”, it's not overcome creditor's rights and theprinciple of relativity. This viewpoint is different from many other scholars'. Secondly,based on the theory of “time”, “purpose theory”, “common life teleology”, etc.I makemy own views about the judging standards of the joint debt. I think “Joint debt”means on the basis of marriage, to family interests by one side or both sides ofhusband and wife, to maintain family life, to live together by engaging in the civil andcommercial activities, to support such as legal obligations, to the laws and regulationsor based on the agreement, and both sides enjoy the interests incurred debt caused bythe legal liabilities. Thirdly, the debt occurred under the one side of the couple,because of the application of the different law under today's judgement, so there aremuch difficulties on how to judge the couple's common debt. Combined with relatedwork of reading and my own opinion, in the case of the debt does not be used on thecouple who live together, my view tends to the “personal debt”. At last, after difining,judging and identifying the couple's common debt, the article further to expounds thedefects in legislation and jurisdiction, and through the understanding of the defects, toput forward the corresponding perfecting suggestions.
The full text is on the premise of legal principles, to comb the plight of theexisting legislation and judicial system, to explore the reasons actively, to put forwardsuggestions on the improvement of the system of couple's common debt, so to seek abalance among the interests of the couple, the third person and the social transactionsecurity and stability.
[Key words] Couple's common debt;Couple's personal debt; Thedefinition of couple's common debt
目 录
导 言
一、问题的提出
二、研究价值及意义
三、文献综述
四、主要研究方法
五、论文结构
六、论文主要创新及不足
第一章 夫妻共同债务的界定
第一节 夫妻共同债务的比较分析
一、我国关于夫妻共同债务的立法演变
二、他域立法对夫妻债务的基本态度
第二节 夫妻共同债务的性质分析
一、夫妻共同债务的学理之争
二、本文的见解
第三节 夫妻共同债务的特征再认识
一、夫妻共同债务的特征
二、夫妻共同债务与夫妻个人债务的区别
第二章 我国夫妻共同债务的认定与判断
第一节 我国夫妻共同债务认定判断的基本规则
一、我国关于夫妻共同债务的理论学说
二、本文观点
第二节 我国夫妻共同债务的判断难点及思考
一、夫妻一方以个人名义所负债务的处理
二、夫妻一方因侵权行为所负债务的处理
第三章 我国夫妻共同债务的制度缺陷与完善
第一节 我国夫妻共同债务的制度缺陷
一、立法上的制度缺陷
二、司法上的制度缺陷
第二节 完善我国夫妻共同债务制度的建议
一、立法上的完善建议
二、司法上的完善建议
余论及结语
参考文献
致 谢
