本篇论文目录导航：
【题目】我国预约合同制度优化探究
【引言 第一章】预约合同概述
【第二章】预约合同的性质与特征
【第三章】预约合同的法律效力
【第四章】预约合同的违约责任
【结语/参考文献】预约合同立法完善研究结语与参考文献
摘 要
预约合同的市场交易实践中早已大量存在的合同形式。2012 的《买卖合同司法解释》虽然对预约合同作出了初步的规定，但关于预约合同的性质、效力和违约责任等仍在存在较大的问题，司法解释对此并没有作出详细的规定。这也导致了审判实践中各级法院在预约合同方面认定的混乱，影响了我国司法的统一性与稳定性。本文在此对预约合同的内涵、与相似概念的区分、性质、效力及违约责任做了全面的研究，结构和观点大致如下：
引言部分阐述了预约合同制度存在的背景、预约合同在市场交易中的重要地位，我国在预约合同方面的立法现状，以及完善预约合同制度的必要性。
第一章为预约合同概述。第一节分析了预约合同的内涵与定义，点明预约合同的关键是“预”和“约”,对两大法系在此问题上的理论发展进行了论述。第二节介绍了当前预约合同的两种主要分类。并对这两种分类分别进行了详细的论述，表明笔者认为我国预约合同制度应当支持双方预约，不支持单方预约的理由。第三节论述了预约合同的基本特征，阐述了笔者对预约合同的必备条款的理解。
第二章为预约合同的性质。将预约合同与相关概念进行比较分析，详细论述了预约合同与订约意向书以及预约合同与本约的区别和联系。从与相关概念的比较中，进一步论述了指出预约合同所具有的独立价值和独立性。
第三章阐述了预约合同的法律效力。第一节介绍了预约合同的效力基础，对作为预约合同的效力基础进行了一一阐述。第二节是阐述了预约合同效力四种的主要观点，并重点对比了必须磋商说和应当缔约说。第三节对各主要观点进行评析，重点阐述笔者支持应当缔约说的理由。第四节论述了影响预约合同效力的因素--情事变更，指出在情势变更下预约合同的处理，并对预约合同的效力期间进行了探讨。
第四章分析了预约合同的违约责任。第一节分析了预约合同违约责任与本约合同缔约过失责任之间的区别，阐明了两种法律责任的不同之处。第二节论述了预约合同违约责任的归责原则，指明预约合同的应当以过错责任为归责原则。第三节分析了违约责任的救济方式，并分析了各种救济方式的具体适用与可能存在的限制。
结语部分归纳了全文的主要内容，再次点明了作者的观点，并肯定了写作此文的意义。
关键词：预约合同， 本约合同， 法律效力， 违约责任
ABSTRACT
Precontract, as a peculiar contract, has widely existed in transaction. However, ourcountry still has detailed provisions on the nature, validity, liability for beach ofprecontract, incomplete and lack of theoretical research causes confusions in transactionand judicial pracitice. And affects the unity and stability of justice. This paper make anintegrated research on the types of precontract, the differences between precontract andother similiar contract, the nature, effect and the liability for breaching of contract. Thestructure and viewpoint are as follows:
The introduction describes the background and the important positon and currentlegislation of precontract, as well as the necessity to improve precontract system.
The first chapter is an overview of the precontract. The first section is about theconception of it, focuses on “pre” and “appointment”, and discusses the development ofthe thoery in civil-law and common-law. The second section describes the unilateralprecontract and bilateral precontract, precontract with suspending provisions andprecontract need to be negotiated. The third section discusses the basic features ofprecontract, the writer describes the essential terms of the precontract.
The second chapter is the nature of precontract. And make a comprision aboutprecontract and related concepts, mainly with precontract and the letter of intent and thecontract. And futher points out that precontract is an independent contract,The third chapter is the legal effect of precontract. The first section describes the basisof the legal effect of precontract. Indicates the principle as the foundation of preccontract .
The second section describes the main views of precontract. The third section commentsthe main views of precontrac. The fourth section discusses the principle of clausula rebussic stantibus and the period of the effect of precontract.
The fourth chapter is about the liability for breach of precontract. The first sectionanalyzes the differences between precontract and Culpa in Contrahendo, clarify thedifferences between the two legal liability. The second section discusses principle ofliability for breach of precontract, clarify that fault principle should be appled. The thirdsection analyzes the liability for breach of precontract.
The conclusion summarizes the main content of this dissertation, points the view ofthe author again, and affirms it's writing significance.
Keywords: precontract, real contract, legal effect, the liability for breach of precontract
目 录
摘 要
关键词
ABSTRACT
目 录
引 言
1 预约合同概述
1.1 预约合同的内涵与定义
1.2 预约合同的分类
1.2.1 单方预约和双方预约
1.2.2 带未决条款的预约和将行谈判的预约
1.3 预约合同的基本特征
2 预约合同的法律性质
2.1 预约合同性质的不同观点
2.2 预约合同与订约意向书的区别
2.3 预约合同与本约合同的区别
3 预约合同的法律效力
3.1 预约合同的效力基础
3.1.1 契约自由原则
3.1.2 诚实信用原则
3.1.3 允诺禁反言原则
3.2 预约合同效力的主要观点
3.2.1 必须磋商说
3.2.2 应当缔约说
3.2.3 区分说
3.2.4 视为本约说
3.3 预约效力主要观点评析
3.4 预约合同效力实现的阻碍因素
3.5 预约合同的效力期间
4 预约合同的违约责任
4.1 预约合同违约责任与缔约过失责任的关系
4.2 归责原则
4.3 救济方式
4.3.1 强制履行
4.3.2 损害赔偿
4.3.3 定金、违约金
4.3.4 解除预约合同
结 语
参考文献
致 谢
