¡¡¡¡Ò»£® ÓÐЧÊг¡¼Ù˵¼°Ëæ»úÓÎ×ßÄ£Ð͸ÅÊö
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡ÓÐЧÊг¡¼Ù˵ÊÇÖ¸Ïà¹ØµÄÐÅÏ¢Èç¹û²»ÊÜŤÇúÇÒÔÚ֤ȯ¼Û¸ñÖеõ½³ä·Ö·´Ó³£¬Êг¡¾ÍÊÇÓÐЧµÄ¡£»»¾ä»°Ëµ£¬Äܹ»ÓÐЧµØÀûÓþ¼Ã¡¢½ðÈڵȸ÷·½ÃæÐÅÏ¢µÄ×ʱ¾Êг¡£¬¾ÍÊÇ “ÓÐЧÂÊÊг¡”¡£»ùÓÚÕâµã£¬ÓеÄÈ˾ͰÑÊг¡ÓÐЧÂÊ£¬³ÆΪÐÅÏ¢µÄÓÐЧÂÊ£¬¼´Ö¤È¯¼Û¸ñ¶ÔÐÅÏ¢µÄ·´Ó³¡£
¡¡¡¡·¨Âí°ÑÓÐЧÂʵÄÊг¡¶¨ÒåΪ֤ȯ¼Û¸ñ³ä·Ö·´Ó³ËùÓпɻñµÃµÄÐÅÏ¢¡£
¡¡¡¡Ëû°´ÕÕÐÅÏ¢´æÔÚµÄÈýÖÖÀàÐÍ°ÑÓÐЧÊг¡·ÖΪÈýÀà¡£ÐÅÏ¢µÄÈýÖÖÀàÐÍΪ:( 1) ¹ýÈ¥µÄÐÅÏ¢£¬Í¨³£Ö¸Ö¤È¯¹ýÈ¥µÄ¼Û¸ñºÍ³É½»Á¿ ( 2) ËùÓпɹ«¿ªµÃµ½µÄÐÅÏ¢ ( 3) ËùÓпÉÖªµÄÐÅÏ¢£¬°üÀ¨²»ÎªÍ¶×Ê´óÖÚËùÁ˽âµÄÄÚÄ»ÐÅÏ¢¡£
¡¡¡¡ÓëÕâÈýÖÖÐÅÏ¢ÀàÐÍÏà¶ÔÓ¦£¬ÓÐЧÊг¡¼Ù˵¿ÉÒÔ·ÖΪÈýÖÖÐÎ̬: ( 1) ÈõʽÓÐЧÊг¡¼Ù˵ ( weak Form efficiency) ¸Ã¼Ù˵ÈÏΪÔÚÈõʽÓÐЧµÄÇé¿öÏ£¬Êг¡¼Û¸ñÒѳä·Ö·´Ó¦³öËùÓйýÈ¥ÀúÊ·µÄ֤ȯ¼Û¸ñÐÅÏ¢ ( 2) °ëǿʽÓÐЧÊг¡¼Ù˵ ( Semi—Strong Form Efficiency) ( 3) ǿʽÓÐЧÊг¡¼Ù˵( Strong Form of Efficiency Market) £¬Ç¿Ê½ÓÐЧÊг¡¼Ù˵ÈÏΪ¼Û¸ñÒѳä·ÖµØ·´Ó¦ÁËËùÓйØÓÚ¹«Ë¾ÓªÔ˵ÄÐÅÏ¢£¬ÕâЩÐÅÏ¢°üÀ¨¹«¿ªµÄ»òÄÚ²¿Î´¹«¿ªµÄÐÅÏ¢¡£
¡¡¡¡“Ëæ»úÓÎ×ß”( random walk) ÊÇÖ¸»ùÓÚ¹ýÈ¥µÄ±íÏÖ£¬ÎÞ·¨Ô¤²â½«À´µÄ·¢Õ¹²½ÖèºÍ·½Ïò¡£ÕâÒ»ÊõÓïÓ¦Óõ½¹ÉÊÐÉÏ£¬ÔòÒâζ׏ÉƱ¼Û¸ñµÄ¶ÌÆÚ×ßÊƲ»¿ÉÔ¤Öª£¬´ËʱһÇм¼ÊõÐÔ·ÖÎö¶¼ÊÇÎÞÓõġ£ÔÚÈõʽÓÐЧµÄ¹ÉƱÊг¡À¹ÉƱ¼Û¸ñ³ÊÏÖ³öËæ»úÓÎ×ßµÄÌØÕ÷£® ÓÃÊýѧ¹«Ê½¿É±íʾΪ: yt= a +yt £ 1+ εtÆäÖÐ ytΪµ±ÆÚ¹ÉƱÊÕÒ棬yt £ 1ΪÖͺóÒ»ÆÚ¹ÉƱÊÕÒ棬εt ΪËæ»úÈŶ¯Ï±íʾµ±ÆÚ¹ÉƱÊÕÒæÓëÖͺóÒ»ÆڵIJîÖµ£¬ÇÒ εt ¶ÀÁ¢Í¬·Ö²¼£¬E ( εt)= 0£¬Var ( εt) = ?2Îȶ¨µÄʱ¼äÐòÁйý³ÌÒªÇó´æÔÚÓÐÏÞµÄÒ»½×ºÍ¶þ½×¾Ø£® µ«¶ÔÓÚËæ»úÓÎ×ß¹ý³Ì£¬ËäÈ» E ( yt) = ³£Êý£¬µ« Var ( yt) = t?2ÊÇʱ¼ä t µÄº¯Êý£¬µ± t Ç÷ÓÚÎÞÇî´óʱ£¬t?2Ò²Ç÷ÓÚÎÞÇî´ó¡£
¡¡¡¡¶þ¡¢ÊµÖ¤·ÖÎö
¡¡¡¡Ñ¡È¡2010 Äê7 ÔÂ22 ÈÕÖÁ2013 Äê6 ÔÂ1 ÈÕÉϺ£Ö¤È¯½»Ò×Ëù A ¹ÉÖ¸ÊýµÄµ±ÈÕÊÕÅÌÖµ£¬¹² 689 ¸öÊý¾Ý×÷ΪÑо¿¶ÔÏ󡣶Ôʱ¼äÐòÁÐÊý¾ÝÊÇ·ñ·ûºÏËæ»úÓÎ×ßÄ£ÐͽøÐзÖÎö¡£ÓÉÓÚ A ¹É¸ö¹É¹É¼ÛµÄ×ßÊÆÓë A ¹ÉÖ¸ÊýµÄ×ßÊÆÓм«Ç¿µÄÏà¹ØÐÔ£¬ËùÒÔͨ¹ý¶Ô A ¹ÉÖ¸ÊýÑо¿ËùµÃ½áÂÛ£¬¿ÉÒÔ·´Ó³ A ¹É¹ÉƱµÄ×ÜÌåÇé¿ö¡£
¡¡¡¡( 1) ÔÚÑо¿Ä£ÐÍÖУ¬½«Ñù±¾Ö¸Êý¼ÇΪpt£¬ÆäÒ»½×²î·Ö¼ÇΪ¡÷pt=pt£pt £1£®¶Ôʱ¼äÐòÁÐ { Pt} µÄ ADF µ¥Î»¸ù¼ìÑéµÄÒ»°ãÐÎʽΪ:¡¾1¡¿
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡Ô¼ÙÉèΪ H0:β =1£¬±¸Ôñ¼ÙÉèΪ H1: β £¼ 1¡£µ± ADF ´óÓÚÏàÓ¦µÄÁÙ½çֵʱ£¬²»ÄܾܾøÔ¼ÙÉ裬Òâζ×ÅÐòÁÐ { Pt} ·ÇƽÎÈ£¬º¬Óе¥Î»¸ù; ·ñÔò£¬ÈÏΪÐòÁÐ { Pt} ÊÇƽÎÈÐòÁУ¬²»º¬µ¥Î»¸ù¡£¶ÔËѼ¯µ½µÄÊý¾ÝÔËÓÃÄ£ÐÍ ( 3) ½øÐмìÑ飬½á¹ûÈçÏ¡¾2¡¿
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡Í¬Àí¶ÔÄ£ÐÍ ( 2) ºÍÄ£ÐÍ ( 1) ½øÐмìÑéµÃµ½Èý¸öÄ£ÐͶ¼²»ÄܾܾøÔ¼ÙÉ裬˵Ã÷ A ¹ÉÖ¸ÊýÊÕÅ̼ÛÓе¥Î»¸ù£¬½ø¶øÑéÖ¤ÎÒ¹úÉϽ»Ëù A ¹ÉÊг¡·þ´ÓËæ»úÓÎ×ß¹æÂÉ¡£
¡¡¡¡( 2) ·½²î±ÈÀý¼ìÑéÒ»´Î/q ´Î¼ä¸ô²î·ÖµÄ·½²î·Ö±ð¶¨ÒåÈçÏÂ: ?21= Var ( St—St £ 1) ?2q= Var ( St—St £ q) ¶¨Òå·½²î±ÈÀý±äÁ¿: V£Ò ( q) = ?2q/ q?21Èç¹ûÊý¾Ý·ûºÏËæ»úÓÎ×ßÌØÕ÷£¬ÄÇô V£Ò ( q) ÖµÓ¦¸Ã½üËÆÓÚ 1£® ÔËÓÃMATLAB£¬¼ÆËã½á¹ûÈçÏÂ:¡¾3¡¿
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡Í¨¹ý·½²î±ÈÀýµÄ¼ÆË㣬¿ÉÒÔ·¢ÏÖ·½²î±ÈÀýÖµºÜ½Ó½ü 1£¬ËùÒÔ A ¹ÉÖ¸ÊýÊÕÅ̼۷þ´ÓËæ»úÓÎ×ß¡£
¡¡¡¡( 3) Óγ̼ìÑéÓγ̾ÍÊǹÉƱ¼Û¸ñ±ä»¯±£³ÖÏàͬ·ûºÅµÄÐòÁС£¹ÉƱ¼Û¸ñ±ä»¯Ö»ÓÐÈýÖÖ: Õý¡¢¸ººÍÁã¼Û¸ñ±ä»¯¡£Áã¼Û¸ñ±ä»¯³öÏֵĸÅÂʷdz£Ð¡£¬¹Ê¿ÉÒÔ°ÑÁã¼Û¸ñ±ä»¯¹éΪÕýµÄ¼Û¸ñ±ä»¯¡£
¡¡¡¡¼ÆË㹫ʽÈçÏÂ: E ( m) =2n1n2/ N + 1 Var ( m) = 2n1n2( 2n1n2 £n1 £ n2) / £¼ N2 ( N £ 1) ) £¾ÆäÖУ¬n1 ÊÇÕýµÄÑù±¾±ä»¯¸öÊý£¬n2 ÊǸºµÄÑù±¾±ä»¯¸öÊý£¬N ΪÑù±¾¸öÊý£¬m ÊÇÓγÌÊý£¬Var ( m) ÊÇ m µÄ·½²î¼ìÑé²½Öè: ( 1) Ô¼ÙÉè H0: Ñù±¾ÎªËæ»úÑù±¾; ±¸Ôñ¼ÙÉè H1: Ñù±¾²»ÊÇËæ»úÑù±¾¡£
¡¡¡¡( 2) ¹¹Ôìͳ¼ÆÁ¿ Z = m £ E ( m) /Var ( m)0£® 5ÔòÒ×Öª Z ·þ´Ó±ê×¼Õý̬·Ö²¼ N ( 0£¬1) ¡£Èç¹û¼ÆËã³öµÄ Z µÄ¾ø¶ÔÖµ´óÓÚÁÙ½çÖµ£¬Ôò¾Ü¾øÔ¼ÙÉè H0£¬¼´¹É¼Û±ä»¯²»¾ßÓÐËæ»úÐÔ; ·´Ö®£¬Ôò½ÓÊÜÔ¼ÙÉè H0£¬³ÐÈϹɼ۷þ´ÓËæ»úÓÎ×ß¡£
¡¡¡¡¶ÔÏà¹ØÊý¾ÝÔËÓà MATLAB ¼ÆËãµÃµ½: E ( m) = 343£® 325£¬Var( m) =170£® 079 Z = £0£® 9367729£¬È¡ÏÔ×ÅÐÔˮƽ a =0£® 05£¬²éÕý̬·Ö²¼±íµÃÁÙ½çÖµµÃ Za= 1£® 96£¬ËùÒԾܾøÔ¼ÙÉ裬¼´ÎÒ¹úÉϽ»Ëù A ¹ÉÊг¡·þ´ÓËæ»úÓÎ×ß¡£
¡¡¡¡Èý¡¢½áÂÛ
¡¡¡¡ÓÉÉÏÊöʵ֤·ÖÎö½á¹û¿ÉÖª£¬ÈýÖÖ¼ìÑé·¨µÄ¼ìÑé½á¹û¾ùÒâζ×ÅÉϽ»ËùA ¹ÉÊÕÒæʱ¼äÐòÁÐÊý¾ÝµÄÉú³É×ñ´ÓËæ»úÓÎ×ßÄ£ÐÍ£¬½ø¶ø¿ÉÒÔÅжϳö¸ÃÊг¡ÎªÈõʽÓÐЧÊг¡¡£ËµÃ÷ÁËËùÓп¿²éÕÒ¹ýÈ¥ÐÅÏ¢À´·¢ÏÖ¹ÉÊв¨¶¯Ä£Ê½£¬ÆóͼԤ²â¼Û¸ñ±ä»¯µÄŬÁ¦£¬¼´Í¶×ÊѧÖгÆ֮Ϊ¼¼Êõ·ÖÎöµÄ¹¤×÷ÊDz»»áÓгɹûµÄ¡£Ò»¸öÀíÐÔµÄͶ×ÊÕßÔÚÒâʶµ½¹ÉƱÊÕÒæ×ñ´ÓËæ»úÓÎ×ߵĹæÂÉÏ£¬Ó¦¸ÃÊǸù¾Ý×Ô¼º¶Ô·çÏÕµÄÆ«ºÃ³Ì¶È¼°ÆÚÍûÊÕÒ棬ѡÔñ×î¼ÑµÄÊÕÒæ¡¢·çÏÕ×éºÏ ( ֤ȯͶ×Ê×éºÏ) ÒÔʹ×Ô¼ºµÄЧÓôﵽ×î´ó¡£
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×
¡¡¡¡£Û1£Ý Fama£® Efficent capital market s: a rev iew o f theory and empiricalwork £ÛJ£Ý£® Journal o f Finance£¬1970 ( 25) : 383 £ 417
¡¡¡¡£Û2£Ý ÕÅСÑÞ£¬ÕÅ×ڳɣ® ¹ØÓÚÎÒ¹úÆÚ»õÊг¡ÈõʽÓÐЧÐÔµÄÑо¿ £ÛJ£Ý£®¹ÜÀí¹¤³Ìѧ±¨£¬2007 ( 01) : 145 £147
¡¡¡¡£Û3£Ý ÕÅá¿£¬ÐìÐÅÖУ® ÐÐΪ½ðÈÚѧÑо¿×ÛÊö £ÛJ£Ý£® ¹ÜÀíÊÀ½ç£¬2006( 09) : 155 £167