摘 要
当前农产品质量安全问题频发，诸如毒大米、毒奶粉等此类新闻报道刺痛着广大民众的神经。各种不安全因素随着农产品在供应链中的流动而传递，同时类似牛鞭效应一样不断聚集和放大，最终将给餐桌上的食物带来重大安全隐患。中央一号文件在 2007年－2017 年曾 11 次提出构建综合服务平台，全面提升农产品质量安全。平台经济发展不仅改进了农产品流通模式，对保障其质量安全也起到了促进作用。本文基于平台经济理论，运用系统动力学，探究平台经济对农产品供应链质量安全保障。
本文首先通过农产品整个供应链系统，分析了供应链各环节中可能影响其质量安全的因素，此阶段的梳理为后续平台经济参与农产品供应链保障农产品质量安全奠定基础。然后，通过对基于平台经济的农产品供应链质量安全保障分析，将平台对农产品供应链的保障主要表现划分为源头控制、过程控制和监管控制，实时保障农产品质量安全。
以上为构建基于平台经济的农产品供应链质量安全系统作了铺垫。其次，从系统角度分析农产品供应链各环节影响农产品质量安全的因素，绘制因果关系图，由于在模型验证环节选用的是蔬菜这一品类，所以文章研究中仅考虑农产品的生产种植环节和运输流通环节。在此基础上，通过文献参考、统计分析构建系统动力学模型。运用 Vensim 软件分别对构建的传统农产品供应链质量安全系统和基于平台经济的农产品供应链质量安全系统进行仿真实验。最后，针对农产品供应链质量安全保障，提出几点建议。
研究结果表明，平台投入控制标准时（平台对整个供应链投入控制标准），相较于传统供应链模式，农产品的合格率出现较大程度的提高，明显提高了其质量安全。在平台对农产品供应链的不同环节投入控制标准时，结果显示相比于农产品投入源头控制，投入过程和监管控制更能保障农产品质量安全。农产品供应链是一个复杂的过程，每一个环节都不是孤立存在的，需要对整个供应链的各个环节投入控制，才能保障农产品合格率接近到百分之百的效果。平台投入的源头控制、过程控制和监管控制，忽视任一环节的控制都有可能使得平台对农产品供应链质量安全效果降低。
关键词：农产品供应链；平台经济；平台控制
Abstract
At present, the problems of the quality and safety of agricultural products are frequent,such as the news reports such as poisonous rice, poisonous milk powder and so on piercingthe nerves of the masses All kinds of unsafe factors are transmitted along with the flow ofagricultural products in the supply chain At the same time, they will continue to aggregateand enlarge like bullwhip effect, which will eventually bring significant security risks to thefood on the table The central document in 2007 2017 years had 11 times to constructcomprehensive service platform, to enhance the quality and safety of agricultural products
The development of platform economy not only improves the circulation mode of agriculturalproducts, but also promotes the quality and safety of the platform Based on the theory ofplatform economy, this paper uses system dynamics to explore the security of the supplychain of agricultural products by the platform economy
Based on the whole supply chain system of agricultural products, this paper analyzes thefactors that may affect its quality and safety in every link of the supply chain This stage laysthe foundation for subsequent platform's participation in the agricultural product supply chainto ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products Then, based on the analysis of thequality and safety guarantee of the agricultural product supply chain based on the platformeconomy, the main performance of the platform's supply chain protection is divided intosource control, process control and supervision control, so as to ensure the quality and safetyof agricultural products in real time The above lays the groundwork for the construction ofthe quality and safety system of the agricultural product supply chain based on the platformeconomy Secondly, factor analysis of various aspects of the supply chain of agriculturalproducts affect the quality and safety of agricultural products from the perspective of thesystem, draw a causal map, because of the use of model verification in this category isvegetables, so this paper only considers the production of agricultural products cultivation andtransportation circulation On this basis, the system dynamics model is constructed byliterature reference and statistical analysis Vensim software is used to simulate the traditionalagricultural product supply chain quality and safety system and the platform based agricultural supply chain quality and safety system Finally, some suggestions are put forwardto ensure the quality and safety of the supply chain of agricultural products
The research results show that when the platform input control standard (platform to theentire supply chain input control standard), compared with the traditional supply chain mode,the qualified rate of agricultural products has greatly improved, and its quality and safety hasbeen significantly improved When the platform inputs control standard to different links ofagricultural product supply chain, the results show that input process and regulatory controlcan better protect the quality and safety of agricultural products compared with the sourcecontrol of agricultural products input The supply chain of agricultural products is a complexprocess Every link is not isolated It is necessary to control every link of the entire supplychain to ensure that the pass rate of agricultural products is close to one hundred percent Thesource control, process control and regulatory control of platform inputs, and ignoring anylink control, may reduce the quality and safety effect of the platform to the supply chain ofagricultural products
Key words: supply chain of agricultural products; platform economy; platform control
目 录
第一章 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.1.1 研究背景
当今社会，食品安全事件频繁发生和报道。无论从毒大米、毒豆芽到毒黄瓜，从毒奶粉、染色馒头到地沟油，还是从苏丹红、三聚氰胺到牛肉膏等等，食品的质量安全问题严重刺痛着广大市民的神经。农产品质量安全问题已然成为大众热议话题，频繁发生的问题事件也引起了各个阶层政府高度重视。农产品质量安全是一项复杂的系统过程，涵盖生产、加工、仓储、流通和销售等环节，需要各方协同合作构建健康的农产品供应链。在保障农产品的质量安全工作中，中央一号文件在 2007－2017 年曾经连续 11 次作出明确要求：全面提升农产品质量和食品安全水平。如何解决整个农产品和食品供应链中存在的不安全因素是新时代发展面临的主要挑战之一。随着我国人民大众生活质量水平的快速提高，对农产品的关注和需求已由数量转向质量。农产品质量不仅关系到广大人民的身体健康，也关系到国家的长期稳定。互联网的迅速发展，其与农业产业的结合改变了传统农业发展方式，对农产品从农田到餐桌起到了积极地促进作用。2017 年中央一号文件提出“全面提升农产品质量和食品安全水平，建立全程可追溯、互联共享的综合服务平台”。在网络经济快速发展的背景下，将平台经济运用到保障农产品质量安全中，为解决农产品质量安全问题提供了新思路。探究农产品质量安全问题的影响因素，就需要从供应链的各环节进行剖析。产业链条长、污染因素多、公开披露难等诸多原因造成农产品质量安全是一项系统性的复杂问题。为解决此种现象，同时响应中央一号文件，基于平台经济的农产品供应链质量安全保障研究应运而生，本文将从系统的角度探究基于平台经济的农产品供应链质量安全保障以及平台经济参与下的农产品供应链质量安全是否能够得到提升。
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1.2 研究内容
1.3 研究方法及技术路线
1.4 可能的创新点
第二章 相关文献综述
2.1 农产品供应链质量安全
2.2 农产品供应链质量安全与农产品经营主体
2.3 基于平台经济的农产品供应链质量安全
第三章 农产品供应链质量安全系统分析
3.1 农产品供应链质量安全系统节点分析
3.2 系统动力学方法的概念及特点
3.3 农产品供应链质量安全系统动力学分析
3.4 传统农产品供应链质量安全系统因果关系分析
3.5 传统农产品供应链质量安全系统模型建立
第四章 基于平台经济的农产品供应链质量安全系统分析
4.1 基于平台经济的农产品供应链质量安全保障分析
4.2 基于平台经济的农产品供应链质量安全系统因果关系分析
4.3 基于平台经济的农产品供应链质量安全系统模型建立
4.4 模型检验与仿真实验
第五章 农产品供应链质量安全保障对策建议
5.1 构建农产品信息管理平台，加大政府扶持力度
5.2 加强平台质量控制，完善质量安全保障体系
5.3 加强农产品诚信建设，调动社会各方力量支持
第六章 结论
6.1 全文总结
6.2 研究展望
参考文献
