摘 要
建成年代较早的寒冷地区办公建筑没有实现用能分项计量，往往只有一块总电表。这部分没有实现用能分项计量、用能监测平台尚在搭建之中、建筑单位面积用能水平较高的办公建筑如何有较为准确的数据依据、可操作实施性强、有较好经济效益的开展节能优化工作，尚待展开深入的研究。
本文旨在针对寒冷地区一栋建成年代相对较早的办公建筑，基于 eQUEST 建筑全年能耗模拟计算软件建立起建筑全年用电基本模型，并通过与建筑全年用电量的实际数据相比对，完成对该模型可靠性的合理验证。然后结合现场实地调研采集的该栋办公建筑实际运行数据，有针对性的设置建筑围护结构、暖通空调系统各项参数，对各项节能优化方案对建筑全年用电量的节能效果进行数据量化分析，并结合经济性回收期的计算分析，最终针对该建筑的实际情况，提出经济合理的节能优化方案。本课题的研究得到以下结论。
提升建筑围护结构保温性能带来的全年空调系统耗电量节能效果显着，但其不同部分对夏季夜间空调系统停止运行时室内向室外散热的影响各不相同。随着屋面传热系数逐渐降低，夏季空调制冷耗电量略有降低，冬季空调供暖耗电量节能明显；随着外墙、外窗传热系数逐渐降低，夏季空调制冷耗电量有所增加，冬季空调供暖耗电量大幅度降低；提升空调系统设备性能可有效降低空调制冷耗电量，随着机组 COP 值逐渐提高，制冷耗电量节能率达到 15.55%；当水泵效率逐渐提升和使用水泵变频调速控制措施后，可大幅降低水泵耗电量。
对于该栋办公建筑来说，各项节能优化方案的经济回收期都在 7 年以内，其中提升围护结构保温性能的全年空调耗电量节能效果最好，回收期为 4.67 年；提升制冷机组性能系数的全年空调耗电量节能率为 10.45%，初投资较高回收期最长；提升水泵效率及变频控制的全年空调耗电量节能效果较为有限，但初投资最低仅为 2.08 年。上述节能优化方案的经济效益计算结果都证明可行性较高，可以提供建筑运营方采用。
关键词：传热系数；制冷机组性能系数；水泵效率；水泵变频调速；经济效益
Abstract
The office buildings in the cold regions that were built earlier have not been metered byenergy, there is often only one total electricity meter in the building. Those office buildingsdoes not realize the use of energy metering, where the use of the energy monitoring platform isstill under construction, and they have a high energy level per unit area. It is of importance tohave an operational plan and strong economic benefits on more accurate data basis. Theimplementation of energy-saving optimization work has yet to be carried out in deep research.
This paper aims to establish a basic model of the annual energy consumption of thebuilding based on the eQUEST building annual energy consumption simulation software for arelatively early built office building in the cold area, comparing with the actual data of theannual electricity consumption of the building. Compare and complete the reasonableverification of the reliability of the model. Then combined with the actual operation data of theoffice building collected on-site field research, the building envelope structure and HVACsystem parameters are set in a targeted manner, and the energy-saving effects of various energy-saving optimization schemes on the annual energy consumption of the building are carried out.
Quantitative analysis, combined with the calculation and analysis of the economic recoveryperiod, finally proposed an economical and rational energy-saving optimization plan for theactual situation of the building. The research of this subject has the following conclusions.
The energy-saving effect of the annual air-conditioning system power consumptionbrought by the improvement of the insulation performance of the building envelope structureis remarkable. But the different parts have different effects on the heat dissipation from indoorto outside when the air-conditioning system stop in summer night. As the heat transfercoefficient of the roof and exterior windows gradually decreases, the power consumption of airconditioning in summer is slightly reduced, while in winter, the power consumption of airconditioning heating is obviously energy-saving; as the heat transfer coefficient of the externalwall is gradually reduced, the power consumption of air conditioning in summer is somewhatimproved. The power consumption of air conditioning heating in winter is greatly reduced;improving the performance of the air conditioning system equipment can effectively reduce thepower consumption of air conditioning. As the COP value of the refrigeration unit is graduallyincreased, the energy saving rate of the cooling power consumption reaches 15.55%. When thepump efficiency is gradually improved and the pump frequency control is used, the powerconsumption can be greatly reduced.
For the office building, the payback period of each energy-saving optimization plan is lessthan 7 years. The annual air-conditioning power consumption of the enclosure insulationperformance is the best, and the payback period is 4.67 years; The annual energy-saving rate ofair-conditioning power consumption of the refrigeration unit performance coefficient is 10.45%,and the initial investment has the longest payback period. The energy-saving effect of theannual air-conditioning power consumption of pump efficiency and frequency conversioncontrol is limited, but the initial investment payback period is only 2.08 year. The economicbenefit calculation results of the above energy-saving optimization schemes prove that thefeasibility is high and can be provided by the building operator.
Keywords：heat transfer coefficient, pump efficiency, variable frequency control proposalfor pump, economic benefit.
目 录
摘 要
Abstract·
第 1 章 绪 论
1.1 研究背景
1.1.1 世界能源现状.
1.1.2 世界公共建筑能耗分析.
1.1.3 我国公共建筑能耗分析.
1.2 降低办公建筑能耗的相关研究
1.2.1 国外现状.
1.2.2 国内现状.
1.3 课题的提出及研究意义
1.3.1 课题的提出.
1.3.2 课题的研究意义.
1.4 论文架构
第 2 章 寒冷地区某办公建筑全年用电模型的建立
2.1 寒冷地区某办公建筑用能情况
2.1.1 建筑基本信息.
2.1.2 建筑内部各系统概况.
2.1.3 空调系统运行情况.
2.1.4 建筑全年用电量.
2.1.5 调研发现的问题.
2.2 能耗模拟软件的选择
2.3 建立建筑全年用电计算模型
2.4 验证建筑全年用电计算模型准确性
第 3 章 建筑节能优化方案分析
3.1 提升围护结构保温性能
3.1.1 屋面.
3.1.2 外墙.
3.1.3 外窗.
3.2 提升空调系统设备性能
3.2.1 制冷机组性能系数.
3.2.2 水泵效率.
3.2.3 水泵变频控制.
第 4 章 经济效益分析
4.1 提升围护结构保温性能
4.2 提升空调系统设备性能
4.2.1 制冷机组性能系数.
4.2.2 水泵变频控制及提升效率.
4.3 各项节能优化方案分析结果
结 论
参考文献·
