论文摘要：考试是人类特有的实践活动，是随着社会发展中脑力劳动与体力劳动的分工以及选拨领导者、管理人员以及各种专业技能人才而产生。现代社会中考试的运用极为广泛，己成为世界各国的普遍现象。考试制度的规范与否，对于一个国家发展，社会的有序运行极为重要，本文即立足于这一视角进行的研究。全文除引论外，共分五章。
在“引论”部分：介绍了本文的研究对象、研究缘由、研究意义、研究成果综述以及本文的研究方法，尤其是就本文的研究缘由重点作了说明，并指出了当前我国在考试的设置以及组织实施方面基本上做到了有法可依，但从法治原则的视角以及具体实施过程中来看，无论是考试的设置还是组织实施过程中都还存在着诸多问题。
在"第一章国家考试设置的法律控制”部分：首先，介绍了考试及其分类；其次，介绍了我国现行国家考试的形态及法律属性，指出当前国家考试的形态主要由国家教育考试、国家资格考试、国家工作人员录用考试、国家水平考试，并分别从行政计划、行政确认等角度对这四种国家考试的形态进行了法律分析；第三，重点论述了设置国家考试实质上是一种国家立法活动以及就当前国家考试设置的合法性进行了分析；最后，从国家考试设置中的法律保留、国家考试的分级设置以及国家考试设置的程序等方面提出了针对国家考试设置进行法律规制的具体方案。
在“第二章国家考试组织实施的法治化”部分：首先，介绍了国家考试组织实施的主体；其次，就国家考试在组织实施方面存在的问题进行了规范分析，指出存在的问题主要体现在部分国家考试的具体实施机构不明确以及部分国家资格考试的实施机构不适格等方面；再次，本部分还研究了国家考试组织实施主体所具有的职权以及组织实施国家考试应具备的基本程序；最后，就台湾地区国家考试组织实施模式、芙国模式以及英国、俄罗斯等国家的国家考试模式进行了简要的分析。
在“第三章国家考试参与人的权利义务”部分：首先分析了当前国家考试活动中涉及到法律关系主体，主要包括了国家考试机关、应考人员以及其他参与人员；其次，分别分析了国家考试准备阶段各方主体的权利义务、国家考试进行阶段各方主体的权利义务、考试结果评定阶段各方主体的权利义务。
在“第四章国家考试秩序的法律保障”部分：首先，从考试违法行为的构成要件、考试违法行为的类型两个方面论述了危害国家考试秩序的行为；其次，从危害国家考试秩序的法律责任的构成、法律责任形式、不同主体危害国家考试法律责任等几个方面论述了危害国家考试秩序的法律责任；第三，从完善刑事责任追究程序、完善行政责任追究程序方面论述了危害国家考试秩序的法律责任的追究；最后，就现行国家考试领域中的行政强制措施进行了规范及适法性分析。
在“第五章国家考试法律规制的路径”部分：首先，指出了国家考试法治化的根本途径就是制定国家考试法，并明确指出该法的立法目的就是为了规范考试的设置与实施，保护考生的合法权益，保障考试安全，维护考试的公平与科学，维护公共利益以及促进法制统一；其次，从基本概念与原则、基本程序、授权条款、救济程序等方面就国家考试法的基本内容进行论述；最后，论述了国家考试法在国家考试法律体系中的地位，指出国家考试法是国家考试的基本法。
关键词：国家考试 法律调控 研究
Abstract ：As one of a unique human activity, examination emerges along with the socialdevelopment and the division of mental and manual labor, as well as the selection ofleaders, management personnel and various professional talents. Examination inmodern society is so widely used that it has become a very common phenomenon allover the world. Whether the examination system is standard or not is of extremeimportance for a country's development and social's orderly operation, thus, thispaper conducts the study on examination from this perspective. The whole article isdivided into five chapters besides the introduction part.
In introduction part, the paper introduces the objects, reasons, significances,results，and methods of the research, especially places emphasis on the reasons ofresearch, and points out that the current setting and implementation of examination inour country is basically developed on basis of law，however，judged from the rule oflaw principle and the concrete implementation process, there are still some problemsexisting either in examination design or implementation process.
In the first chapter of legal control of national examination setting, the paper firstdefines the examination and if s classification. Then, it presents the forms and legalnature of our current national examination, indicates that the forms of currentnational examination is mainly composed of four types as follows, the nationaleducation examination, the national qualification examination, the national staffrecruitment examination，and the national level examination, and the paper alsoanalyses the four types of national examinations in a legal way from the angles ofadministrative plan and administrative confirmation. Thirdly, it mainly explains thatthe setting of national examination virtually is a kind of national legislation, andanalyses the legitimacy of setting in current national examination. Finally, it putsforward the specific solutions for legal regulation of national examination setting fromthe perspective of law reservation, rating settings, and setting procedures, etc.
The second chapter is the legalization of organization and implementation ofnational examination. It first introduces the main body of organization andimplementation. In following, it makes a normative analysis of the existing problemson organization and implementation of national examination, points out that the mainexisting problems is that some specific implementing mechanisms are unclear, andsome implementing bodies are unqualified, etc. Then, it studies the authority ofimplementing body and the basic procedure of national examination organization. Thelast, the paper gives a brief analysis of the modes of national examination from othercountries and areas, such as Taiwan, the United States, the Great Britain, Russia, etc.
The third chapter is the rights and obligations of involved participants of nationalexamination. It first analyses the subjects of legal relation involved in examinationactivities，it mainly consists of national examination organs, examination candidates,and other personnel involved. Secondly, it sets forth the rights and obligations ofvarious subjects from different stages, that is the preparation stage，the on-going stage,and the results evaluation stage of examination.
In the forth chapter of legal protection of the order of national examination, itfirst discusses the violating behaviors on the order of national examination from theaspects of illegal liabilities' constitutive requirements and it's types. Secondly, itexplains the legal liabilities of violation of the order of national examination from thepoint view of legal liabilities' composition, forms, and different subjects. Thirdly, itdiscusses the investigation of legal liabilities in terms of procedure improvement ofadministrative and criminal liabilities investigation. At last, it makes a normative andlegal analysis of the compulsory administrative measures in current nationalexaminations field.
The fifth chapter is the path of legal regulations of national examination. Firstly，it points out that the fundamental approach to legalization of national examination isto legislate national examination law, and clearly defines that the legislative purpose isto regulate the setting and implementation of examination, protect legitimate rightsand interests of the candidates of examination, guarantee examination security,maintain a fairness and scientific atmosphere of examination，safeguard publicinterests, and promote the unification of legal system. Secondly, it explains somebasic content in terms of basic concepts and principles, basic procedures, the clausesof authorizing, and relief procedures, etc. Finally, it reviews the status of nationalexamination law on the national legal system，and indicates that the nationalexamination law is the basic law of national examination.
Key words: National Examination Legal Control Research
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