本篇论文目录导航:
【题目】美国实用主义审判理论探究
【第一章】
基于实用主义的审判制度考察
【第二章】
实用主义审判的概述
【第三章】
实用主义审判在美国的表现
【第四章】
我国司法审判问题与适用实用主义审判的契机
【第五章】
实用主义审判对我国司法审判的启示
【结论/参考文献】
实用主义审判的批判式吸收结论与参考文献
摘 要
实用主义是产生于美国本土的哲学流派,它的产生和发展都有着深厚的社会文化背景。实用主义起初在哲学层面提出,它是继承了古希腊的“变化的哲学”、传统人道主义、自然主义和科学理性主义的思想而兴起的,实用主义哲学强调的是一种经验的认识,强调经验的重要性,并且用经验和信念去追求一种实用的结果。当实用主义哲学的思想被法律人借鉴到法律的适用问题上时,产生了对实用主义审判的研究。本文以实用主义的哲学思想为出发点,在概括了实用主义哲学思想在美国、欧洲和中国儒学思想中的观点后,进一步将这个哲学思想引申到对法律思想的影响中,概括了实用主义法学的主要观点,最后把思想应用于实践,提出实用主义审判的司法行为方式,并且结合美国运用的实际,以及中国司法中存在的问题,提出在中国运用实用主义审判对我国司法改革的有利之处。对实用主义审判的论述,其实也是在传递实用主义的真谛,提供一种分析问题的路径,而不是给出一种解决问题的模式。对于实用主义的理论和研究是希望在我国的司法实践中注入一股新鲜的血液,一股能给我国司法带来新生气的力量。中国的实用主义运用目前也只是得其“形”,而未得其“神”,我们对实用主义审判的一系列研究就是希望在运用实用主义审判中得到它内涵的本质,吸取它的精髓,打破旧的审判模式,开启新的审判理念,也不失为一种有益的尝试。本文的意义一方面在于加深对实用主义理论的重视,在理论层面上促进法学理论的学习和交流,让法律和哲学联系在一起,更深化了它的理论基底;另一方面把理论应用与实践,在分析了实用主义审判之后进行一种批判式的吸收,无论这种理论合理或不合理的方面有多少,它重要的是给我们提供了一个思考问题的角度,一个可以联系我们司法审判实践的角度,这种开阔的思维值得我们学习。
本文分为三部分,首先是对实用主义审判的概述,要研究实用主义审判必须要从它的根源说起,所以本部分内容从实用主义的哲学基础开始介绍,进而引申到实用主义在法学的应用,这一转向把哲学的内容引用到法学,为提出实用主义审判模式是领域上的改变,进而提出实用主义审判这个中心议题,并从概念、特征、原则上对实用主义审判进行系统的研究。其次是介绍实用主义审判在美国的表现。我们知道,实用主义最早提出也是在美国,那么它在美国的历史是最久远的,在美国的运用也是最充分的,这部分的研究,对于接下来分析其在中国的借鉴作用时,是一种实践上的例子引证。再次是我国司法审判中的问题与适用实用主义审判的契机,本部分又分为两个小部分,第一个小部分,介绍了我国当前司法审判中的问题,对于一个新理论的引入我们不仅要发现它的可取之处,也需要知道这个理论的应用会对我们现有情况有什么改善,所以这一部分的问题研究是很有必要的;第二个小部分是分析了当下我国应用实用主义审判存在的现实性条件,我国的法治在不断的发展,因此也提出了针对法治未来发展之路的对策,实用主义审判的思想恰好也和这些法治对策有契合之处,这更便于我国对实用主义审判方式的借鉴,也表明实用主义审判在我国是有应用基础的。最后是启示部分,实用主义审判的研究对于实现中国的法治目标有非常大的借鉴意义,当然无论实用主义的优缺点有多少,我们进行的是一种批判式的吸收,它重要的是给我们提供了一个思考问题的角度,一个可以联系我们司法审判实践的角度。
关键词:实用主义 实用主义审判 实践理性 司法中心主义 社会效果
Abstract
Pragmatism is produced in the USA local schools of philosophy, its emergence anddevelopment has a profound social and cultural background. Pragmatism initially proposed inthe philosophical level, it is inherited from the ancient Greek “philosophy of change”,traditional humanism, naturalism and scientific rationalism and the rise of pragmatismphilosophy emphasizes, is an understanding of experience, it emphasizes the importance ofexperience, and with experience and belief to the pursuit of a practical results. When thephilosophy of pragmatism reference to applicable law problems, produced a study onpragmatic trial. This paper takes the philosophy of pragmatism as the starting point, havingsummarized the pragmatism philosophy in USA, Europe and Chinese Confucianismviewpoints, then this philosophy extended to the influence on the legal, summarizes the mainideas of Pragmatism Jurisprudence, and finally the theory is applied to the practice of judicial,put forward judicial pragmatism combined with the practical application, and American, aswell as the existing problems in Chinese judicial, proposed in the Chinese use pragmatic trial.Trial discussion on pragmatism, is in fact the true meaning of transfer pragmatism, provide apath analysis of the problem, rather than give a problem solving model. The theory andresearch of pragmatism is keen to inject fresh blood in the judicial practice, which can giveour judicial brought a new dynamic force. The use of pragmatism is currently just had its“shape”, and not the “God”, we on the pragmatic trial is to obtain the nature of its connotationin the use of judicial pragmatism, absorb its essence, break the old trial mode, opening a newidea, also is a good try. The significance of this paper hand is to deepen their understanding ofthe theory of pragmatism seriously, promote legal theory study and exchange in thetheoretical level, let the law and philosophy together, more to deepen the theory basement ofit; on the other hand, the application of the theory and the practice, a critical absorption in theanalysis of practical meaning the trial, no matter how many this theory is reasonable orunreasonable, it is important to provide a perspective of thinking to us, one can contact ourjudicial practice, this kind of open thinking is worthy of our study.
This paper is divided into three parts, the first is an overview of judicial pragmatism, tostudy pragmatic trial must start from the root of it, so this part of the content from the philosophical basis of pragmatism began, and then extended to the pragmatism in the legalapplication, the steering handle philosophical content reference to the law, to proposepragmatic trial mode is in the field of change, and then put forward the pragmatic trial thiscentral theme, and research from the concept, characteristic, principle. The second is tointroduce the judicial pragmatism in American performance. We know, pragmatism proposedin the USA, so it hsd a long history in the USA, used in America also most fully, this part ofthe study, for the next analysis of the reference in the Chinese, is a practice example cited.Once again our judicial trial in the problem and apply pragmatic trial opportunity, this part isdivided into two parts, the first small part, introduced China's current problems in justice, forthe introduction of a new theory we should not only found the merits of it, also need to knowthe application of this theory what will be the improvement of our current situation, so it isnecessary to study the problem; second small part is the analysis of the reality of the presentChina's application of pragmatic trial conditions for the existence of the rule of law in China,in the continuous development, and therefore put forward countermeasures for the developingroad of the law in the future judicial pragmatism thought, just as these legal countermeasuresthere is common ground, which is more convenient for our country to draw lessons from thepragmatic trial mode, trial also showed that pragmatism is the basis for application in ourcountry. The last part is the Enlightenment of pragmatic trial, has great reference significancefor the realization of the rule of law Chinese target, of course, no matter how much of theadvantages and disadvantages of pragmatism, we are a critical absorption, it is important toprovide a way of thinking questions, one can contact our point of view of judicial practice.
Key Words: pragmatism Pragmatic trial Practical reason Judicial Centrism practiceof social effect
目 录
摘 要
Abstract
1 引言
1.1 研究目的及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 论文结构、研究方法和创新点
2 实用主义审判的概述
2.1 实用主义的表现形态
2.1.1 美国的实用主义哲学
2.1.2 欧洲哲学中体现的实用主义元素
2.1.3 儒家思想中的实用主义
2.2 实用主义哲学向法学领域的转向--法律实用主义
2.2.1 霍姆斯的实用主义
2.2.2 卡多佐的实用主义
2.2.3 波斯纳的实用主义
2.3 实用主义审判
2.3.1 实用主义审判的概念
2.3.2 实用主义审判的特征
2.3.3 实用主义审判的原则
2.3.4 对实用主义审判的不同声音
3 实用主义审判在美国的表现
3.1 实用主义审判在美国的理论基础
3.2 实用主义审判在美国的实践
3.2.1 法官审判中的内外部约束
3.2.2 美国判决书实例分析
4 我国司法审判中的问题与适用实用主义审判的契机
4.1 我国司法审判中面临的问题
4.2 实用主义审判在我国适用的契机
4.2.1 理论上的契机
4.2.2 实践上的契机
5 实用主义审判对我国司法审判的启示
5.1 重视经验的审判:弥补法条主义的缺陷
5.2 加强判决书的说理性:提升判决的有效性
5.3 注重案件结果的考量:实现社会福利的最大化
5.4 加深案件的社会考量:提升社会的良善性
结 论
参考文献
后 记