商业银行作为现代国家经济发展中不可或缺的一部分，是国家金融行业的重要组成部分，为推动经济发展和社会进步作出了巨大贡献。
稳定高效的银行体系有助于国民经济的平稳和长远发展，为企业和个人提供更加便捷和优质的金融服务。因此，商业银行经营及治理的好坏不仅影响自身的未来发展，还对国家宏观经济、企业和个人影响深远。股权结构通过影响企业的内部治理机制，从而影响企业的治理效率和市场价值。合理有效的股权结构不仅有助于企业内部治理机制的完善，还有助于提高企业的治理水平，经营绩效和市场价值，最终有利于提升所有股东和利益相关者的利益。
本文主要研究我国上市银行的经营绩效以及股权结构对经营绩效的影响。通过回顾，归纳和整理了国内外关于企业绩效评价，股权结构及其二者关系的文献。许多学者的研究表明：商业银行的股权集中度和经营绩效呈负相关关系；大股东的性质属性与商业银行的经营绩效显着相关。为促进商业银行治理效率的提升，应该保持商业银行股东的适度多元化，将商业银行的股权集中度保持在适度水平，并合理地引入先进的战略投资者。
在本文的研究中，通过选取财务指标，从盈利能力、安全性、流动性和成长能力四个方面出发，对 16 家上市银行进行了财务分析。同时，还对 16 家银行的股权结构进行了详细分析。在前面分析的基础上，选取了 2009-2011 年度 16 家上市银行的 11 个财务指标，运用因子分析的方法，对各银行的经营绩效进行综合评价。然后，分析 16 家上市银行的股权结构，对股权结构和经营绩效的关系进行回归分析。回归分析的结果表明：第 1 大股东股份比例与经营绩效不相关；前 5 大股东股份比例与经营绩效不相关；前10大股东股份比例与经营绩效不相关；关于第 1 大股东的性质，若其是非国有股东，则所在银行的绩效要好于国有股东。
文章的结尾部分，在前文因子分析和回归检验的基础上，笔者给出了参考性的建议和对策。关于上市银行提升经营水平的建议主要是：
推动业务创新；加强风险防范；提升管理水平。关于上市银行股权结构优化方面的建议是：健全内部治理机制；引入战略机构投资。
关键词：上市银行 经营绩效 股权结构 因子分析
ABSTRACTAs an important part of the economic development in the moderncountry, bank makes great contributions to the promotion of economicdevelopment and social progress. Stable and efficient system of bankscontributes to a steady and long-term development of the national economyand provides convenient and high-quality financial services for businessesand individuals. Therefore, the operation performance of bank affectsfuture development and macro-economic. The ownership structure of bankaffects the internal governance structure, thus affecting the efficiency ofcorporate governance and market value. Reasonably and effectiveownership structure not only contributes to the improvement of corporategovernance mechanisms, and also helps to improve the level of corporategovernance, and enhance the behalves of all shareholders and otherstakeholders .
This paper studies the operation performance of listed banks and therelationship between ownership structure and operation performance.
Author reviews and summarizes domestic and foreign literatures onenterprise performance evaluation, the ownership structure and therelationship of them. The conclusions of many scholars are that: ownershipconcentration of commercial banks is negatively correlated with operationperformance; the nature of major shareholders is significantly related to theoperation performance. How to enhance governance efficiency, there aresome advices, one is to maintain appropriate diversification of thecommercial banks' shareholders, the second is to keep the ownershipconcentration at a moderate level, the third is to reasonablyintroduce someadvanced strategic investors.
In this study, based on safety, profiting ability, fluidity and growthability, author analysises the operation status of 16 listed banks. Then, it isthe analysis of the ownership structure of 16 listed banks. On the basis ofthe previous analysis, author selects 11 financial indicators and use factoranalysis method to evaluate the operation performance of 16 banks with thedata from 2009 to 2011.By regression analysis, we can know therelationship between operation performance and ownership structure. Thereare the conclusions: the equity ratio of the first shareholder is irrelevantwith operation performance; the equity ratio of top 5 is irrelevant; theequity ratio of top 10 is irrelevant; if the largest shareholder is anon-state-owned , the operation performance of the bank is better thanwhich is the state-owned shareholder.
Finally, according to the analysis of the operating performance andownership above, author gives some countermeasures and suggestions. Forthe listed banks to enhance the operation performance there are threesuggestions, the first is to promote business innovation; the second is tostrengthen risk prevention; the third is to enhance the management level.
How to optimize the ownership structure of the listed banks, authorsuggests to improve the internal governance mechanisms and introducestrategic institutional investors.
KEYWORDS: listed banks，operating performance，ownershipstructure，factor analysis
目 录
第一章 绪论
1.1 研究背景
1.2 研究意义
1.3 国内外研究现状
1.3.1 国外研究现状
1.3.2 国内研究现状
1.4 文章结构及研究思路
1.4.1 论文框架
1.4.2 研究方法
1.4.3 创新之处
第二章 经营绩效与股权结构的理论综述
2.1 银行绩效评价的理论综述
2.1.1 银行绩效的含义
2.1.2 绩效评价的方法
2.2 上市银行股权结构对经营绩效影响的理论阐述
2.2.1 股权集中度对经营绩效的影响
2.2.2 股东性质对经营绩效的影响
第三章 上市银行经营绩效与股权结构现状分析
3.1 我国银行业发展历程及上市银行介绍
3.2 上市银行财务分析
3.2.1 盈利能力分析
3.2.2 成长能力分析
3.2.3 流动性分析
3.2.4 安全性分析
3.3 上市银行股权结构分析
3.3.1 股权集中度分析
3.3.2 股东股权性质分析
第四章 经营绩效与股权结构关系的实证分析
4.1 基于因子分析的上市银行经营绩效评价
4.1.1 因子分析法的原理和模型
4.1.2 经营绩效评价的指标体系构建
4.1.3 上市银行的经营绩效评价
4.2 基于回归分析的股权结构与经营绩效的关系研究
4.2.1 回归分析的模型与计算
4.2.2 股权结构与经营绩效的结论分析
第五章 对策与建议
5.1 关于提升上市银行经营绩效的建议
5.1.1 推动业务创新
5.1.2 加强风险防范
5.1.3 提升管理水平
5.2 关于优化上市银行股权结构的建议
5.2.1 健全内部治理机制
5.2.2 引入战略机构投资
结 论
参考文献
致 谢
