英语论文提纲格式

　　本文是以外国语言学及应用语言学毕业论文《从翻译规范视角研究英语谓语的选择一一以《红楼梦》两译本第三回为例》为例，以下是论文提纲。

　　Chapter One Introduction
　　    1.1 Purpose of the Paper
　　    1.2 Theoretical Framework
　　    1.3 Methodology and Data Collection
　　    1.4 Significance of the Paper
　　    1.5 Outline of the Paper
　　Chapter Two Literature Review
　　    2.0 Introduction
　　    2.1 Chinese Sentence Components and English Predicate
　　    2.2 On the Translation of Chinese Finite Verbs
　　    2.3 On the Two English Versions of HLM.
　　            2.3.1 The Reference Versions of HLM
　　            2.3.2 Acceptability
　　    2.4 Summary
　　Chapter Three An Operational Norm on the Selection of English Predicates in C-E Translation
　　    3.0  Introduction
　　    3.1 Chinese Predicates as the Sources
　　            3.1.1 Chinese One-verb Sentences
　　            3.1.2 Chinese Multi-verbal Sentence
　　                3.1.2.1 Pivot Constructions
　　                3.1.2.2 Serial Verbal Constructions
　　                3.1.2.3 Constructions with Subject-predicate Phrases
　　    3.2 Empty Categories as the Sources
　　    3.3 Chinese Adverbials as the Sources
　　    3.4 Summary
　　Chapter Four The Textual-linguistic Norm on the Translation of Chinese Verbs in C-E Translation
　　    4.0 Introduction
　　    4.1 Similarities between the Yangs' Version and Hawkes,Version in English Counterparts of Chinese Verbs in C-E Translation
　　        4.1.1 Verb （Verbal Phrase）
　　        4.1.2 Empty Categories
　　        4.1.3 Non-finite Verb （Verbal Phrase）
　　            4.1.3.1 Participle
　　            4.1.3.2 Infinitive （Phrase）
　　        4.1.4 Preposition （Prepositional Phrase）
　　        4.1.5 Noun
　　        4.1.6 Adverb
　　        4.1.7 Adjective
　　        4.1.8 Auxiliary
　　    4.2 Discrepancies between the Yangs' Version and Hawkes' Version in English Counterparts of Chinese Verbs
　　        4.2.1 Verb
　　        4.2.2 Preposition
　　        4.2.3 Noun
　　        4.2.4 Adjectives
　　        4.2.5 Empty Categories
　　            4.2.5.1 Empty Categories in the Yangs,Version
　　            4.2.5.2 Addition in Hawkes's Version
　　    4.3 Summary
    Chapter Five Constraints on the Selection of English Predicate in C-E Translation
　　    5.0 Introduction
　　    5.1 Constraints from the Initial Norm
　　    5.2 Constrains from the Preliminary Norms
　　    5.3 Constrains from the Textual-linguistic Norms
　　        5.3.1 From the Perspective of Discourse Theme
　　        5.3.2 From the Perspective of Syntax
　　            5.3.2.1 Chinese Sentence with Overt Subject
　　            5.3.2.1.1 Same Subject between the Two English Versions of HLM65
　　            5.3.2.1.2 Different Subjects between the Two English Versions of HLM. 66
　　            5.3.2.2 Chinese Sentence with Covert Subject
　　            5.3.2.2.1  Same Subject between the Two English Versions of HLM
　　            5.3.2.2.2  Different Subjects between the Two English Versions of HLM.68
　　        5.3.3 From the Perspective of Word
　　            5.3.3.1 Motion + Path
　　            5.3.3.2 Motion + Co-event
　　    5.4 Summary
    Chapter Six Conclusions
　　    6.1 Findings
　　    6.2 Limitations and Suggestions

　　This conclusion　　

    Based on the third chapter of HLMmd its two English versions, this thesis explores howto select English predicates in C-E translation through the comparison between the originaltext, the Yangs5 version and Hawkes,version with Toxiry's three-phase methodology. Thisstudy finds out that, on the selection of English predicates, the translators have adopted thefollowing three norms. The initial norm is to subject to the target culture: previous studieshave proved that compared with the Yang's, Hawkes's version, complying with this norm,ismore popular among TRs. The preliminary norm is to subject themselves to the translationpolicy in their own translational context. Though the two translators have chosen the same ST,they are in different translational contexts and have different translation purposes: Hawkes,considering the contradiction between the westerners' curiosity about China and Chineseliterature and the deficiency of translated Chinese literature in the Western World, determinesto fill up this blank and provide a window for the TRs to get a glimpse of China; whereas, theYangs are appointed by the Foreign Language Press to fulfill the mission of spreading theChinese literature to the west. Different translation purposes cause different translationstrategies, which,in turn, lead to discrepancies in the acceptability of the TT. In China, theYangs' version is unsurpassable, but at abroad, the Hawkes's version is in the top-rankingamong the English versions of HLM. As for the operational norm, it has been concluded thatthe higher syntactic status the English predicate occupies, the higher information value itconveys, which determines that normally the selected English predicate will be incorrespondence with the original syntactic component which also enjoys a higher syntacticstatus as well as possesses a higher information value and that finding is also reflected in thefollowing way: the element loaded with the information about the result of an event in the ST,for example, the Chinese verb indicating the result of an event, is normally rendered into anelement with a higher syntactic status in the TT, such as, the English main-clause predicateverbs. Apart from that, the selection of English predicates will also be constrained by thediscourse theme of ST, English subjects and different lexicalization levels between Chineseand English.
　　All in all, this research attempts to shed light on the study of translation process andbring about inspiration to translation teaching and practice.