ѧÊõÌÃÊ×Ò³ | ÎÄÏ×ÇóÖúÂÛÎÄ·¶ÎÄ | ÂÛÎÄÌâÄ¿ | ²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ× | ¿ªÌⱨ¸æ | ÂÛÎĸñʽ | ÕªÒªÌá¸Ù | ÂÛÎÄÖÂл | ÂÛÎIJéÖØ | ÂÛÎÄ´ð±ç | ÂÛÎÄ·¢±í | ÆÚ¿¯ÔÓÖ¾ | ÂÛÎÄд×÷ | ÂÛÎÄPPT
ѧÊõÌÃרҵÂÛÎÄѧϰƽ̨Äúµ±Ç°µÄλÖãºÑ§ÊõÌà > ½ÌÓýÂÛÎÄ > Ñø³É½ÌÓýÂÛÎÄ

ÒßÇé±³¾°ÏÂÓ×¶ù¹æÔòÒâʶµÄÅàÑø¼ÛÖµºÍ²ßÂÔ

À´Ô´£ºÂåÑôʦ·¶Ñ§ÔºÑ§±¨ ×÷ÕߣºÎÂÊæº­;Âí½õ»ª
·¢²¼ÓÚ£º2020-12-02 ¹²3580×Ö

¡¡¡¡Õª    Òª£º¡¡Ð¹ڷÎÑ×ÒßÇéµÄÈ«ÇòÐÔ±©·¢¸øÈËÀà´øÀ´Á˾޴óµÄËðʧ¡£¾Û½¹ÖйúµÄ¿¹Òß֮·,²¿·ÖÃñÖÚ¶Ô¹æÔò¡¢¹æ·¶µÄÎÞÊÓ¡¢ÃêÊÓÉõ»òÆÆ»µ,Ôì³ÉÁËÐí¶à±¾²»¸ÃÓеĶñ¹û¡£¹æÔòÒâʶÊÇÉç»áÖÈÐòƽÎÈÔËÐеÄÖØÒª±£ÕÏÖ®Ò»,ÈçºÎץס3—6ËêÕâ¸öÓ×¶ùÐÐΪϰ¹ß¼°¹æÔòÒâÊ¶Ñø³ÉµÄ»Æ½ðÆÚ,ÒâÒåÖØ´ó¡£Îª´Ë,ѧǰ½ÌÓýÒª×¢ÖØ¿ªÕ¹×ðÖØ×ÔÈ»µÄ½ÌÓý,½èÖúÓÎÏ·ÅàÑøÓ×¶ùµÄ¹æÔòÒâʶ,ÖØÊÓ¼ÒÍ¥ÖаñÑùµÄÒýµ¼ºÍʾ·¶,´Ù½øÓ×¶ù¹æÔòÒâʶµÄÑø³É¡£

¡¡¡¡¹Ø¼ü´Ê£º   йڷÎÑ×; ÒßÇé; ¹æÔòÒâʶ; Ñø³É;

¡¡¡¡Abstract£º¡¡The global outbreak of the novel corona virus pneumonia has brought great loss to mankind. China's battle with the disease teaches that ignoring, despising, even breaking rules has caused serious effect that could have been avoided. It is considered that rule consciousness is one of the important guarantees for social orders, and that 3-6 years old is the golden time to cultivate children's behavior habit and rule consciousness. To this end, preschool education should attach importance to education of respecting nature, cultivating children's rule consciousness in game playing, and guiding children's behavior by parental models so as to promote children's rule consciousness development.

¡¡¡¡Keyword£º¡¡novel corona virus pneumonia; epidemic situation; rule consciousness; cultivation;

¡¡¡¡2020ÄêÒÁʼ, йڷÎÑ×ËÁŰÀ©É¢, ÖйúÕþ¸®µÚһʱ¼äÖÆ¶¨²¢²ÉÈ¡ÁËһϵÁзÀ·¶´ëÊ©: ²»È¥ÈËÔ±Ãܼ¯µÄ³¡Ëù, ²»×éÖ¯¡¢ ²»²Î¼Ó¾Û¼¯ÐԻ, ¼õÉÙÍâ³öµÈ¡£ ¾ø´ó¶àÊýÃñÖÚ¶¼ÄÜÕ¾ÔÚ¹ú¼Ò¡¢ Éç»áµÄ¸ß¶ÈÔ¼Êø×ÔÉíÐÐΪ, Ϊ×Ô¼ºÓëËûÈ˵Ľ¡¿µÑϸñ×ñÊØ¹ú¼Ò¹æ¶¨µÄ¹«¹²¹æÔò¡£ È»¶ø, Ò²Óв¿·ÖÈËÒò¹æÔòÒâʶµ­±¡, ÎÞÊÓ¡¢ ÃêÊÓÉõ»òÆÆ»µ¹æÔò, Ôì³ÉÑÏÖØºó¹û¡£ ÊÂʵÉÏ, ³ÉÈËÄÜ·ñ×ñÊØ¹æÔò, ºÜ´ó³Ì¶ÈÉÏÈ¡¾öÓÚÆäÔÚÓ×¶ù½×¶ÎÊÇ·ñÑø³ÉÁËÁ¼ºÃµÄ¹æÔòÒâʶ¡£ Òò´Ë, ÈçºÎץס3—6ËêÕâ¸öÓ×¶ùÐÐΪϰ¹ß¼°¹æÔòÒâÊ¶Ñø³ÉµÄ»Æ½ðÆÚ, ÒâÒåÖØ´ó¡£
 

ÒßÇé±³¾°ÏÂÓ×¶ù¹æÔòÒâʶµÄÅàÑø¼ÛÖµºÍ²ßÂÔ
 

¡¡¡¡Ò»¡¢ ¹æÔò¡¢ ¹æÔòÒâʶ

¡¡¡¡(Ò»)¹æÔò

¡¡¡¡¹æÔò, ¼´¹æ¶¨³öÀ´¹©´ó¼Ò¹²Í¬×ñÊØµÄÖÆ¶È»òÕ³Ì; Ó¢Îıí´ïΪ“rule”, ÓÉÀ­¶¡ÎÄ“regre”“regula”ÑÝ±ä¶øÀ´, ÊÇ“¹ÜÀíͳÖΔ“±ê³ß”µÄÒâ˼, ͬʱҲָ“¹æÔò¡¢ ÌõÀý¡¢ ¹æ¶¨”“°´ÕÕÖÆ¶È¹æ·¶À´¹ÜÀí¡¢ Ö¸µ¼”¡£ ¿××ÓÈÏΪ, È˵ÄÑÔÐÐÒª·ûºÏ“Àñ”µÄÒªÇó, ×öµ½“·ÇÀñÎðÊÓ, ·ÇÀñÎðÌý, ·ÇÀñÎðÑÔ, ·ÇÀñÎ𶯔[1]¡£ ¹Ü×Ó˵: “³ß´çÒ², ÉþīҲ, ¹æ¾ØÒ², ºâʯҲ, ¶·õúÒ², ½ÇÁ¿Ò², ν֮·¨¡£”“·¨Õß, ÌìÏÂÖ®ÒÇÒ²¡£ ËùÒÔ¾öÒɶøÃ÷ÊÇ·ÇÒ², °ÙÐÕËùÐüÃüÒ²¡£”[2]¿µµÂÈÏΪ, “ÎÞ¹æÔò¼´ÊÇÎÞÀíÐÔ”[3], °Ñ¹æÔòÉÏÉýµ½ºÍÀíÐÔͬµÈÖØÒªµÄµØÎ»¡£

¡¡¡¡½üÄêÀ´, Öî¶àÑо¿ÕßÒà¶Ô“¹æÔò”½øÐÐÁËÉîÈë̽ÌÖ¡£ Ö£ÈýÔªÈÏΪ: “¹æÔòÊÇÈËÃÇÔÚÈÕ³£Éú»î¡¢ ѧϰ¡¢ ¹¤×÷ÖбØÐë×ñÊØµÄ¿ÆÑ§µÄ¡¢ ºÏÀíµÄ¡¢ ºÏ·¨µÄÐÐΪ׼Ôò¡£ ËüÊÇÈËÓëÈËÖ®¼ä¡¢ ×éÖ¯Óë¸öÈËÖ®¼ä¡¢ ×éÖ¯Óë×éÖ¯Ö®¼ä±Ë´ËµÄÔ¼¶¨¡£”[4]ͯÊÀ¿¥ÈÏΪ: “¹æÔòÊÇÒ»ÖÖ¿ÉÒÔ´ÓÕýµ±Óë·ñµÄ½Ç¶ÈÀ´¼ÓÒÔÆÀ¼ÛµÄÓйØÈËÀàÐж¯µÄÆÕ±éµÄ¹æ·¶ÐÔÃüÌâ, »òÕ߸ü¼òµ¥Ò»Ð©: ¹æÔòÊÇÒ»ÖÖÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ×·ÎÊÆäÊÇ·ñÕýµ±µÄÆÕ±éµÄÈËÀàÐж¯¹æ·¶¡£ ”[5]

¡¡¡¡¿É¼û, Éç»áÖÈÐòÓɸ÷ÖÖ¹æÔòά³Ö×Å, ÎÞÂÛÕâÖÖ¹æÔòÊÇÈËΪÉ趨µÄ»¹Êǿ͹۴æÔÚµÄ, ¶¼¾ßÓоø¶Ô»òÏà¶ÔµÄÔ¼ÊøÁ¦¡£ ¹æÔò²úÉúµÄÖ÷ҪĿµÄÊÇά»¤Éç»á°²¶¨¡¢ ά³ÖÈËÃÇÕý³£µÄÉú»îÖÈÐò, È·±£ÈËÃÇÉú»îÔÚºÍгµÄÉç»áÖС£ ¹æÔòµÄÖÆ¶¨Óë×ñÊØÊÇÉç»á½ø²½¡¢ ºÍг·¢Õ¹µÄ±£Ö¤, ÆäÇ¿ÖÆÐÔÌØµãÐèҪȫÌåÃñÖÚ¹²Í¬×ñÊØÖ´ÐС£

¡¡¡¡(¶þ)¹æÔòÒâʶ

¡¡¡¡¹æÔòÒâʶÊÇÖ¸·¢×ÔÄÚÐĵġ¢ ÒÔ¹æÔòΪ×ÔÉíÐж¯×¼ÉþµÄÒâʶ¡£ Èç×ñÊØÓÎÏ·¹æÔò¡¢ ×ñÊØÐ£¹æ¡¢ ×ñÊØ·¨ÂÉ¡¢ ×ñÊØÉç»á¹«µÂµÄÒâʶµÈ¡£ ÂÞÂü·ÂÞÀ¼ÔøËµ: “ÐÐÎªÑø³Éϰ¹ß, ϰ¹ßÐγÉÐÔ¸ñ, ÐÔ¸ñ¾ö¶¨ÃüÔË¡£”[5]3—6ËêÊǽ¨Á¢Ó×¶ù¹æÔòÒâʶµÄ¹Ø¼üʱÆÚ, ¶ÔÓ×¶ùδÀ´µÄÉú»î¡¢ ѧϰÓÐ×ÅÖØÒªÒâÒå¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¶Ó×¶ùÔ°½ÌÓýÖ¸µ¼¸ÙÒª(ÊÔÐÐ)¡·ÖÐÃ÷È·Ö¸³ö: “ÔÚ¹²Í¬µÄÉú»îºÍ»î¶¯ÖÐ, ÒÔ¶àÖÖ·½Ê½Òýµ¼Ó×¶ùÈÏʶ¡¢ ÌåÑé²¢Àí½â»ù±¾µÄÉç»áÐÐΪ¹æÔò, ѧϰ×ÔÂɺÍ×ðÖØËûÈË¡£”[6]Ç¿µ÷ÔÚÓ×¶ù½×¶Î, Àí½â²¢×ñÊØ¹æÔòÊÇÓ×¶ùÉç»áÈÏÖª·¢Õ¹µÄÖØÒª×é³É²¿·Ö¡£ ÔÚÈÕ³£Éú»îÓë»î¶¯ÖÐ, Ó×¶ùÈôȱ·¦Ò»¶¨µÄ¹æÔòÒâʶ, ¾ÍȱÉÙÁËÐÐΪµÄµ¼ÏòÐԺ͹淶ÐÔ, ½«»áÑÏÖØ¸ÉÈÅÓ×¶ùµÄ»î¶¯ÓëÉú»î¡£ [7]

¡¡¡¡¶þ¡¢ ÅàÑøÓ×¶ùÐγɹæÔòÒâʶµÄÏÖʵ¼ÛÖµ

¡¡¡¡(Ò»)Á¼ºÃµÄ¹æÔòÒâʶÓÐÖúÓÚÓ×¶ùÐγÉÕýÈ·µÄÊÀ½ç¹Û

¡¡¡¡ÕýÈ·¡¢ ¿ÆÑ§µÄÊÀ½ç¹Û¿ÉÒÔΪÈËÃÇÈÏʶºÍ¸ÄÔìÊÀ½çµÄ»î¶¯ÌṩÕýÈ·µÄ·½·¨, ´íÎóµÄÊÀ½ç¹ÛÔò»á¸øÈËÃǵÄʵ¼ù»î¶¯´øÀ´·½·¨ÉϵĴíÎó¡£ Á¼ºÃµÄ¹æÔòÒâʶÓÐÖúÓÚÐγÉÕýÈ·µÄÊÀ½ç¹Û, ÕýÈ·µÄÊÀ½ç¹ÛÓÖÓÐÖúÓÚ¹æÔòÒâʶµÄÑø³É, ¶þÕßÏศÏà³É¡¢ »¥ÎªÇ°Ìá¡£

¡¡¡¡Ó×¶ù¶ÔÊÀ½çµÄÈÏʶÊÇÐÎÏó¾ßÌåµÄ, ÈôÓ×¶ùûÓйæÔòÒâʶ, ³£ÔÚ¹«¹²³¡ºÏ³öÏÖ´óÉùÐú»©¡¢ ÂÒÈÓֽм¡¢ Ìß´ò¼ÒÈ˵ÈÐÐΪ, ÔòÒ×ÐγÉÒÔ×ÔÎÒΪÖÐÐĵĴíÎóµÄÊÀ½ç¹Û¡£ Òò´Ë, Òýµ¼¡¢ ½ÌÓýÓ×¶ù×ñÊØµÀµÂÂ×Àí¡¢ ×ñÊØÊÀ½çÖÈÐò¼°Éç»á¹æÔò, ÓÐÖúÓÚÓ×¶ùÑø³ÉÕýÈ·µØ±æ±ðÊǷǵÄÄÜÁ¦, Öð½¥ÐγÉÕýÈ·µÄÊÀ½ç¹Û¡£ ´ÓijÖÖÒâÒåÉÏ˵, Á¼ºÃµÄ¹æÔòÒâʶ¾ÍÊÇÒ»ÖÖµÀµÂÐÞÑø, ¾ÍÊÇÒ»ÖÖÕýÈ·µÄÊÀ½ç¹Û¡£

¡¡¡¡(¶þ)Á¼ºÃµÄ¹æÔòÒâʶÓÐÖúÓÚÓ×¶ùµÄÉç»áÐÔ·¢Õ¹

¡¡¡¡Èç¹ûÓ×¶ùÄܹ»´ÓÐ¡Ñø³ÉÁ¼ºÃµÄΪÈË´¦ÊÀµÄ¹æÔòÒâʶ, ÄÇô¾ÍºÜÈÝÒ×ÓëÈ˺Íг¹²´¦¡£ Èç, ÔÚÓ×¶ùÔ°×öÓÎϷʱ, Ҫѧ»á×ñÊØÓÎÏ·¹æÔò, ѧ»á×ðÖØÆäËûСÅóÓÑ; ÈçÈô²»È», ½«»á±»ÆäËûС»ï°éÅż·Óë¹ÂÁ¢¡£ Ó×¶ùʱÆÚÁ¼ºÃ¹æÔòÒâʶµÄ½¨Á¢, ¶ÔÆäÈÕºóÓëͬ°éºÍгÏà´¦, ÐγÉÁ¼ºÃµÄÉç»áÐÔ½»Íù¼¼ÄÜ, ÒâÒåÖØ´ó¡£

¡¡¡¡(Èý)Á¼ºÃµÄ¹æÔòÒâʶÓÐÖúÓÚÅàÑøÓ×¶ùµÄϰ¹ßÆ·ÖÊ

¡¡¡¡¶ÔÓ×¶ù¿ªÕ¹¹æÔòÒâʶ½ÌÓý, ÒÔʹÓ×¶ùÔÚÓ×¶ùÔ°Àï°´ÕÕ¹æÔòÐÐÊÂ(Èç²Þ¡¢ ³Ô·¹¡¢ ÎçÐÝ¡¢ ÓÎÏ·µÈ), Öð½¥Ñø³ÉÐÐΪϰ¹ß¡£ Ó×¶ùµÄ×¢ÒâÁ¦ÈÝÒ×·ÖÉ¢, ¹æÔòµÄ½¨Á¢¿ÉÒÔʹÓ×¶ùÔÚij¸öʱ¼ä¶ÎÄÚֻרעһ¼þÊÂ, Õâ¶ÔÅàÑøÓ×¶ùÁ¼ºÃµÄÐÐΪƷÖÊ¡¢ ѧϰƷÖÊÓÈÎªÖØÒª, ÓÐÖúÓÚÓ×¶ùδÀ´µÄ³É³¤¼°½¡¿µ·¢Õ¹¡£

¡¡¡¡Èý¡¢ ÅàÑøÓ×¶ù¹æÔòÒâʶµÄÓÐЧ²ßÂÔ

¡¡¡¡Ó×¶ù½×¶ÎÊÇÖÈÐòÐγɵÄÃô¸ÐÆÚ, ¹æÔòÊÇÒ»ÖÖÄÚÔÚµÄÖÈÐò¡£ Éç»á¡¢ ѧУÓë¼ÒÍ¥Ó¦¹²Í¬Å¬Á¦, °ÑÎÕºÃÓ×¶ù¹æÔòÒâʶÅàÑøµÄ¹Ø¼üÆÚ, »ý¼«¿ªÕ¹Ó×¶ù¹æÔòÒâʶ½ÌÓý¡£

¡¡¡¡(Ò»)×¢ÖØ¿ªÕ¹×ðÖØ×ÔÈ»µÄ½ÌÓý

¡¡¡¡ÒԴ˴ο¹»÷йڷÎÑ×ÒßÇéΪÀý, ³ÉÈËÔÚ¶Ô×ÔÉíÆÆ»µ×ÔÈ»µÄ´íÎóÐÐΪÉî¿Ì·´Ë¼µÄͬʱ, ҲӦʹÓ×¶ùÕýÈ·ÈÏʶÈËÓë×ÔÈ»µÄ¹ØÏµ¡£ ×ÔÈ»·×·±¸´ÔÓÇÒ×ÔÓÐÆäÄÚÔÚÖÈÐò, ÈËÀàÓ¦¸ÃÀíÐÔµØÈÏʶ¡¢ ÕýÈ·µØÔËÓÃ×ÔÈ»¹æÂÉ, ѧ»áÓë×ÔÈ»ºÍгÏà´¦¡£ ¾ÍÉç»á²ãÃæ¶øÑÔ, ¿ÉÒԶಥ·ÅһЩÈȰ®×ÔÈ»¡¢ ×ðÖØ×ÔÈ»¡¢ ±£»¤×ÔÈ»µÄ¶¯»­Æ¬ºÍÐû´«Æ¬, Òýµ¼Ó×¶ùÕýÈ·ÈÏʶ×ÔÈ»¡¢ ×ðÖØ×ÔÈ»¡£ ÒªÈÃÓ×¶ùÖªµÀ, ×ÔÈ»½çµÄ¶¯Ö²ÎïÒ²Óи÷×Գɳ¤µÄ¹æÂÉ, ÎÒÃÇÓ¦×ðÖØ×ÔÈ»¹æÂÉ, °®»¤´ó×ÔÈ»´ÍÓèÈËÀàµÄ±¦²Ø, ѧ»á¾´Î·ÉúÃü¡¢ ¾´Î·×ÔÈ»¡£

¡¡¡¡(¶þ)½èÖúÓÎÏ·ÅàÑøÓ×¶ùµÄ¹æÔòÒâʶ

¡¡¡¡ÓÎÏ·ÊÇÓ×¶ùÈÕ³£Éú»îÖÐ×îÖØÒªµÄ×é³É²¿·Ö, ÊÇÓ×¶ùѧϰµÄÖ÷ÒªÇþµÀ¡£ ¬ËóÔøÔÚÓ×¶ùµÀµÂ½ÌÓý·½ÃæÌá³ö×ÅÃûµÄ“×ÔÈ»ºó¹û·¨”, ¼´µ±Ó×¶ùÓйýʧÐÐΪʱ, ³ÉÈ˲»ÊÇÈ¥ÈËΪµØÏÞÖÆ¶ùͯµÄ×ÔÓÉ, ¶øÊÇÓùýʧ²úÉúµÄºó¹ûÈ¥Ô¼Êø¶ùͯµÄ×ÔÓÉ, ´Ó¶øÊ¹¶ùͯÃ÷°×ÆäΣº¦, ²¢Ï¾öÐIJ»ÔÙÖØ·¸µÄ·½·¨¡£ [8]ʵ¼ùÖ¤Ã÷, ÕâÊÇÅàÑøÓ×¶ù¹æÔòÒâʶµÄÒ»¸ö±È½ÏÓÐЧµÄ·½·¨, Äܹ»°ïÖúº¢×ÓÄÚ»¯¹æÔò, ÓÐЧµØ¿ØÖÆ×ÔÉíµÄÐÐΪ¡£ Ó×ʦºÍ¼Ò³¤ÃÇÒª½èÖúÓÎÏ·ÅàÑøÓ×¶ùµÄ¹æÔòÒâʶ: ÓÎÏ·¿ªÊ¼Ç°, ϸÐÄΪÓ×¶ù½²½âÓÎÏ·¹æÔò¼°Î¥·´¹æÔò¿ÉÄܲúÉúµÄºó¹û, Òýµ¼Ó×¶ùÖØÊÓ¹æÔò; ÓÎÏ·¹ý³ÌÖÐ, ×¢Òâ¹Û²ìÓ×¶ùµÄÐÐΪ, µ±³öÏÖÎÊÌâʱ, ×¢Òâ½éÈëµÄʱ»úºÍ·½Ê½, ͨ¹ýÊʵ±ÊʶȵĽ±³ÍÀ´Ê¹Ó×¶ùÖØÊÓ¹æÔò; ÓÎÏ·½áÊøºó, ÒªÊÊʱÓëÓ×¶ù·ÖÏíÐĵÃ, Òýµ¼ÆäÕýÈ·ÈÏʶ¹æÔò¡¢ Ñø³É¹æÔòÒâʶ¡£

¡¡¡¡(Èý)ÖØÊÓ¼ÒÍ¥ÖаñÑùµÄÒýµ¼ºÍʾ·¶

¡¡¡¡¸¸Ä¸ÊÇÓ×¶ùµÄµÚÒ»ÈÎÀÏʦ¡£ Ó×¶ùµÄÄ£·ÂÐÔÇ¿, ÔÚÓ×¶ù¹æÔòÒâʶµÄÑø³É¹ý³ÌÖÐ, ¼Ò³¤ÍùÍùÆð×ÅÖÁ¹ØÖØÒªµÄÆôÃÉ×÷ÓᣠÔÚÈÕ³£Éú»îÖÐ, ¼Ò³¤²»½öÒª¶ÔÓ×¶ù½øÐÐÑÔÓïÉϵĽÌÓý, »¹Òª×¢Òâ×Ô¼ºµÄÒ»ÑÔÒ»ÐÐ, ÔÚÐÐΪÉÏÇ±ÒÆÄ¬»¯µØÓ°ÏìÓ×¶ù¡£ ¼Ò³¤ÒªÄܹ»ÇåÐѵØÈÏʶµ½, ×Ô¼º¾ÍÊǺ¢×ӵİñÑù, Ö»ÓÐ×ÔÉí×ñÊØ¹æÔò¡¢ ×ðÖØÉç»áÂ×ÀíµÀµÂ, º¢×Ó²ÅÄÜѧ»á×ñÊØ¹æÔò, Ñø³ÉÁ¼ºÃµÄ¹æÔòÒâʶ¡£

¡¡¡¡Ó×¶ù¹æÔòÒâʶµÄÑø³É¶ÔÓ×¶ùµÄ·¢Õ¹¾ßÓÐÖØÒªµÄ×÷ÓÃ, ÊÇÓ×¶ùÉç»áÐÔ·¢Õ¹µÄÖØÒª×é³É²¿·Ö, Ò²ÊÇÓ×¶ùÉç»áÐÔÐÐÎªÑø³ÉËù±ØÐèµÄ¡£ Ó×¶ù¹æÔòÒâʶµÄÑø³É²»ÊÇÒ»³¯Ò»Ï¦µÄ, ÐèÒª³¤Ê±¼äµÄÓ°ÏìºÍ½ÌÓý, ÐèÒªÉç»á¡¢ ѧУ¡¢ ¼Ò³¤¹²Í¬Å¬Á¦, ΪÓ×¶ùÓªÔìÒ»¸öÁ¼ºÃµÄ·ÕΧ, ʹÓ×¶ùÄܹ»ÔÚÑÔ´«Éí½Ì¡¢ ¶úå¦Ä¿È¾ÖÐÖð½¥Ñø³ÉÁ¼ºÃµÄÐÐΪϰ¹ßºÍ¹æÔòÒâʶ, ΪÆäÖÕÉí·¢Õ¹µì¶¨¼áʵµÄ»ù´¡¡£

¡¡¡¡²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×

¡¡¡¡[1] ÂÛÓï[M].ÕÅÑàÓ¤,Òë×¢.±±¾©:ÖлªÊé¾Ö,2006:171.
¡¡¡¡[2] ¹Ü×Ó:Æß·¨[M].Àîɽ,Òë×¢.±±¾©:ÖлªÊé¾Ö,2009:46.
¡¡¡¡[3] ¿µµÂ.Âß¼­Ñ§½²Òå[M].Ðí¾°ÐÐ,Òë.±±¾©:ÉÌÎñÓ¡Êé¹Ý,2010:135.
¡¡¡¡[4] Ö£ÈýÔª.¹æÔòµÄÒâÒåÓë¶ùͯ¹æÔò½ÌÓýÐÂ˼ά[J].ºþÄÏʦ·¶´óѧ½ÌÓý¿ÆÑ§Ñ§±¨,2006(5):45-47.
¡¡¡¡[5] ͯÊÀ¿¥.ÂÛ¹æÔò[M].ÉϺ£:ÉϺ£ÈËÃñ³ö°æÉç,2015:42.
¡¡¡¡[6] Ó×¶ùÔ°½ÌÓýÖ¸µ¼¸ÙÒª(ÊÔÐÐ)[EB/OL].(2001-07-11)[2020-04-10].http://www.moe.gov.cn.gduf.naihes.cn/jyb_sjzl/moe_364/moe_302/moe_309/tnull_1506.html.
¡¡¡¡[7] ÕÔÀèÀö.¶Ô¼ÒÍ¥½ÌÓýÖÐÓ×¶ù¹æÔòÒâÊ¶Ñø³ÉµÄ˼¿¼:¼Ò³¤ÑÛÖеÄÓ×¶ù½ÌÓýÖ®ËÄ[J].½­ËÕÓ×¶ù½ÌÓý,2017(1):60-62.
¡¡¡¡[8] ¼ªÑÇÁá.“×ÔÈ»ºó¹û·¨”ÔÚÓ×¶ùϧÎï¸ÐÅàÑøÖеÄ×÷ÓÃ[J].ÔçÆÚ½ÌÓý(½Ìʦ°æ),2002(9):1.

×÷Õßµ¥Î»£ºÂåÑôʦ·¶Ñ§ÔºÑ§Ç°½ÌÓýѧԺ
Ô­Îijö´¦£ºÎÂÊæº­,Âí½õ»ª.»ùÓÚÒßÇéÊӽǵÄÓ×¶ù¹æÔòÒâÊ¶Ñø³É½ÌÓýÑо¿[J].ÂåÑôʦ·¶Ñ§ÔºÑ§±¨,2020,39(10):61-63.
Ïà¹Ø±êÇ©£º
  • ±¨¾¯Æ½Ì¨
  • ÍøÂç¼à²ì
  • ±¸°¸ÐÅÏ¢
  • ¾Ù±¨ÖÐÐÄ
  • ´«²¥ÎÄÃ÷
  • ³ÏÐÅÍøÕ¾