【摘要】：随着人口的增长和经济的发展，生态环境不断恶化，环境问题已威胁着人类的生存和发展，加强环境保护法制建设，规范人类行为，是解决环境问题、改善环境现状的有力措施之一。宪法是国家的根本大法，它规定了全局性和根本性环境保护的基本原则，对于加强环境保护工作是最为基本的依据，所以从宪法的视角研究环境保护对于解决环境问题，缓解人与自然的矛盾有着重要的意义。首先，文章对环境的宪法保护基木概念进行界定，阐述环境的宪法保护的基础，以此证明环境的宪法保护有其存在的必然价值；其次，在坚实的理论基础的支撑下，文章对我国环境的宪法保护现状进行论述和分析，指出我国环境的宪法保护存在诸多问题。具体而言，环境保护已成为宪法理念赋予当代国家的一种新使命，为人民营创一个舒适的自然和文化环境已成为宪法理念在当代的新展幵，但我国现行宪法从理念上过分强调国家权力和义务，未将环境权纳入到公民基本权利中，也没有将强调经济、社会和自然协调发展的可持续发展战略上升到宪法位阶；我国宪法中只规定国家环境保护职责，忽视公众对于环境保护的积极作用，在宪法中没有规定公民的环境权和环境保护义务，未给予其合宪地位；政府作为“共有财产”的委托管理者，理庖承担环境保护的重任，但我国宪法在此方面的规定还尚显不足。从这些方面我们可以看出，我国环境的宪法保护亟待完善。为此，文章进一步研究和探讨了国外环境的宪法保护发展现状，通过世界各国环境的宪法保护的比较和分析，总结出国外环境的宪法保护大致有两种模式，即在宪法巾确立环境保护基木国策和规定公民的环境权，这为我国环境的宪法保护提供了可资借鉴的积极经验。最后，文章指出，坚持“可持续发展”意在追求经济繁荣、环境保护和社会公平三者的协调发展，所以应在宪法总纲中增加“可持续发展”原则，以实现人类最大利益的发展；给予公众环境权和环境保护义务相应的宪法地位，在宪法中增加“环境权”和“环境保护义务”条款，保护公民在健康的良好环境中生活的权利和调动广大公众积极参与环境保护；完善国家环境保护职责，提高地方政府环境保护效率，规范地方政府环境保护职权，从宪法上给予基本规制。
【关键词】：宪法；可持续发展；环境权；环境保护义务
Abstract:With the growth of population and development of economy, the ecological environmentworsens increasingly. The environmental problem has threatened human's existence anddevelopment. Therefore,it's one of these effective measures to strengthen the construction ofenvironmental legal system and standardize human's behavior for solving environmentproblem and improving present environment. Constitution is the essential law of nations. It notonly standardizes the basic principle of global and fundamental environmental protection, butalso becomes the most fundamental legal basis in terms of strengthening the environmentalprotection. Therefore, from the view of constitution, it is very important to research theenvironmental protection for solving environmental problems and remitting contradictionbetween human and nature. First, the dissertation defined the fundamental concepts of theconstitutional protection of environment and discussed the foundation of the constitutionalprotection of environment,proving the existence value of the constitution protection ofenvironment. Then, this dissertation reviewed and analyzed the constitutional protection ofenvironment in terms of our country. Speaking specifically, environmental protection hasbecome new mission of the contemporary country which the constitution concept gives. Andmoreover, making a comfortable environment of nature and culture for people has become newdevelopment of the constitution concept. However, our constitution currently in effectemphasizes the power and possibility of country excessively. Its shortcoming is thatenvironmental rights aren't included in the basic civil rights and sustainable developmentstrategies which emphasize the coordination of economic, social and physical developmenthaven't been advanced to the constitutional level. The constitution states only theresponsibilities of environmental protection, but ignores the positive role of public onenvironmental protection. And the constitution does not stipulate the public obligations andrights of environmental protection. The government, who is the delegate Manager of “commonproperty”, should bear the burden of environmental protection, but with this regard theprovisions of our constitution is not sufficient. From these, it is seen that the constitutionalprotection of the environment still needs to be improved. Based on these, this dissertationfurther researched and discussed the status quo of the constitutional protection of environment.
The constitutional protection of environment that has two essential modes including the basicstate policy of environmental protection and the environmental rights of citizens in foreigncountries is summed up by comparing and analyzing the constitutional protection of the world'senvironment which provides the positive experiences for the constitutional protection ofenvironment in China. Finally, this dissertation pointed that the purpose to insist sustainabledevelopment is to pursuit the coordination development of economic prosperity,environmentalprotection and social fair, so it is very necessary to increase the principles of “sustainabledevelopment” in constitution master, achieving the development of human maximum interests.
And furthermore, to provide the corresponding status in constitution of public environmentright and environmental protection obligations is also very important, which can protect the liferight of citizens in health environment and mobilize the public to participate in theenvironmental protection. And moreover, from the basic regulations in constitution, the dutiesof national environmental protection need perfection, and the environmental protectionefficiency of local government needs improvement, and the function and power of localgovernment environmental protection need also regulation.
Keywords：constitution; sustainable development; environmental right; environmentalprotection obligation
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